Abstract-Traditionally, only experts who are equipped with professional knowledge and rich experience are able to recognize different species of wood. Applying image processing techniques for wood species recognition can not only reduce the expense to train qualified identifiers, but also increase the recognition accuracy. In this paper, a wood species recognition technique base on Scale Invariant Feature Transformation (SIFT) keypoint histogram is proposed. We use first the SIFT algorithm to extract keypoints from wood cross section images, and then k-means and k-means++ algorithms are used for clustering. Using the clustering results, an SIFT keypoints histogram is calculated for each wood image. Furthermore, several classification models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) are used to verify the performance of the method. Finally, through comparing with other prevalent wood recognition methods such as GLCM and LBP, results show that our scheme achieves higher accuracy.

Abstract-Limited resources (such as energy, computing power, storage, and so on) make it impractical for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to deploy traditional security schemes. In this paper, a hierarchical key management scheme is proposed on the basis of identity-based encryption (IBE).This proposed scheme not only converts the distributed flat architecture of the WSNs to a hierarchical architecture for better network management but also ensures the independence and security of the sub-networks. This paper firstly reviews the identity-based encryption, particularly, the Boneh-Franklin algorithm. Then a novel hierarchical key management scheme based on the basic Boneh-Franklin and Diffie-Hellman (DH) algorithms is proposed. At last, the security and efficiency of our scheme is discussed by comparing with other identity-based schemes for flat architecture of WSNs.

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), massive amounts of nodes, volatile network topology and limited resources (such as energy, computing power, storage, bandwidth, and so on) make the traditional security scheme cannot be directly applied to WSNs. Identity-based encryption (IBE) is becoming a hot research topic since it does not need PKI and complicated certificate operations. In this paper, a novel identity-based security scheme is proposed on the basis of IBE. Each cluster head can perform as a private key generator (PKG) in case that the only PKG is captured, which will lead to the entire network disabled. The proposed scheme can reduce the consumption of key resources and improve the security of the entire network by dispersing PKG function. The analysis shows that the scheme is more secure and efficient by comparing with traditional public key and symmetric key techniques.

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