The R-, β-, γ-, and δ-MnO 2 nanorods were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Their catalytic properties for CO oxidation were evaluated, and the effects of phase structures on the activities of the MnO 2 nanorods were investigated. The activities of the catalysts decreased in the order of R-≈ δ-> γ-> β-MnO 2 . The mechanism of CO oxidation over the MnO 2 nanorods was suggested as follows. The adsorbed CO was oxidized by the lattice oxygen, and the MnO 2 nanorods were partly reduced to Mn 2 O 3 and Mn 3 O 4 . Then, Mn 2 O 3 and Mn 3 O 4 were oxidized to MnO 2 by gaseous oxygen. CO chemisorption, the Mn-O bond strength of the MnO 2 , and the transformation of intermediate oxides Mn 2 O 3 and Mn 3 O 4 into MnO 2 can significantly influence the activity of the MnO 2 nanorods. The activity for CO oxidation was mainly predominated by the crystal phase and channel structure of the MnO 2 nanorods.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have attracted significant attention for their excellent accuracy especially in areas such as computer vision and artificial intelligence. To enhance their performance, technologies for their hardware acceleration are being studied. FPGA technology is a promising choice for hardware acceleration, given its low power consumption and high flexibility which makes it suitable particularly for embedded systems. However, complex DNN models may need more computing and memory resources than those available in many current FPGAs. This paper presents FP-BNN, a Binarized Neural Network (BNN) for FPGAs, which drastically cuts down the hardware consumption while maintaining acceptable accuracy. We introduce a Resource-Aware Model Analysis (RAMA) method, and remove the bottleneck involving multipliers by bit-level XNOR and shifting operations, and the bottleneck of parameter access by data quantization and optimized on-chip storage. We evaluate the FP-BNN accelerator designs for MNIST multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), Cifar-10 ConvNet, and AlexNet on a Stratix-V FPGA system. An inference performance of Tera opartions per second with acceptable accuracy loss is obtained, which shows improvement in speed and energy efficiency over other computing platforms.

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