Food waste is a worldwide problem due to its effects on carbon emission, water pollution, and arable lands. Previous studies of food waste generation and reduction focus on demographic, psychological, and situational factors, whereas the effects of culture in different countries have been ignored. This paper investigates the influence of Confucian culture on behaviors that waste food, considering additional factors of face saving and group conformity. We used an integrated behavioral intention model combining the TPB model and Lee's modified Fishbein model. The results show that including the constructors of Confucian culture increases the predictive power of the model. Face saving and group conformity are found to significantly influence attitude toward food waste reduction. Face saving can greatly reduce the intention to pack leftovers, and group conformity has a significant effect on the ordering of small portion sizes. Based on these results, we give a discussion and put forward with suggestions to the government and the catering industry. Limitations and implications for future research are provided accordingly.

Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary system methanol + dimethyl carbonate as well as the VLE data for the ternary systems methanol + dimethyl carbonate +1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM][OTf]) and methanol + dimethyl carbonate + 1butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMIM][OTf]) at 101.3 kPa have been obtained with a modified Othmer still. The results indicated that both [EMIM][OTf] and [BMIM][OTf] produced crossover effects. Due to the difference of polarity of the two ILs, [BMIM][OTf] eliminated the azeotropic point at mole fraction about 10%, whereas [EMIM][OTf] only pulled down the azeotropic point. The measured VLE data were fitted using the NRTL model with a good consistency.

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HgC4H 6 N 8 S 2 , monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.8083 (10) CCDC no.: 1447055The crystal structure is shown in the gure. Tables 1-3 contain details of the measurement method and a list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters. Source of materialA mixture of HgCl 2 (0.1 mmol), 1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol (0.2 mmol), Et 3 N (0.1 mL), and H 2 O (5 mL) was sealed in a 15 mL Te on-lined stainless-steel reactor, heated to 393 K for three days. After cooling to room temperature, yellow block-shaped crystals of the title compound suitable for X-ray di raction analysis were obtained by ltration. Experimental detailsThe H atoms were placed in calculated positions (C-H = 0.96 Å) and re ned as riding atoms with U iso (H) = 1.5Ueq(C). DiscussionCoordination polymers have attracted much interest because of their intriguing structures and potential applications as functional materials [1][2][3][4]. 1H-tetrazole-5-thiol-containing compounds and their derivatives are widely used in construction of novel coordination polymers due to their containing both N-and S-donors [5][6][7][8]. In order to search for new coordination polymers based on 1H-tetrazole-5-thiol ligands, the title compound has been synthesized and its crystal structure has also been determined.The asymmetric unit of the title compound consists of one half of a Hg II cation and one 1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thioltato anion. The Hg II cation is 2-coordinated by two S atoms from two crystallographically dependent anionic ligands, adopting a linear geometry. The Hg II cation lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry. The bond length of Hg-S is 2.3727(9) Å, which is within the normal range. The dihedral angle between the two tetrazole planes in the two symmetrical ligands is 180°, Each Hg II metal center is coordinated to two nitrogen atoms (Hg-N = 2.86 Å) of adjacent units to form a two-dimensional coordination polymer.

Background: To verify the feasibility of using the residual cancer burden (RCB) index to stratify prognosis of patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to compare RCB with the Miller-Payne system. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological data of patients receiving treatment between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the survival outcomes and estimate disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Harrell's concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of RCB and Miller-Payne system.Results: A total of 423 female patients with complete data were included in the analysis, with a median follow-up time of 58.5 months (range 7-126). 84 patients experienced recurrence, and 48 experienced breast cancer related death. RCB index and the Miller-Payne system were associated with prognosis in the whole cohort. Patients who achieved RCB-I had similar survival outcomes as those with pathological complete response (pCR, RCB-0). In whole cohort, for the RCB index and the Miller-Payne system, respectively, C-indexes for DFS were 0.73 and 0.64, for DSS were 0.74 and 0.64. The average RCB score was different among three subtypes (F=9.335, P<0.001). Conclusions:The RCB index and the Miller-Payne system can stratify survival outcome of patients after NAC, and RCB had a superior prediction accuracy, especially for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).New cut-off value should be sought in order to improve prediction accuracy.