Natural compound eyes have excellent optical characteristics, namely large field of view, small size, no aberration, and sensitive to motion. Some arthropods have more powerful vision. For example, the Morpho butterfly’s compound eyes can perceive the near-infrared and ultraviolet light that the human eye cannot see. This wide-band imaging with a large field of view has great potential in wide-area surveillance, all-weather panoramic imaging, and medical imaging. Hence, a wide-band spherical compound eye camera inspired by the Morpho butterfly’s eye was proposed. The wide-band spherical compound eye camera which can achieve a large field of view (360° × 171°) imaging over a wide range of wavelengths from 400nm to 1000nm, mainly consists of three parts: a wide-band spherical compound eye with 234 sub-eyes for light collection, a wide-band optical relay system for light transmission, and a wide-band CMOS image sensor for photoelectric conversion. Our experimental results show that the wide-band spherical compound eye camera not only captures a large field of view without anomalous blurring or aberrations but also perceives near-infrared light that is not recognized by the human eye. These features make it possible for distortion-free panoramic vision and panoramic medical diagnosis.

Multi-scale imaging with large field of view is pivotal for fast motion detection and target identification. However, existing single camera systems are difficult to achieve snapshot multi-scale imaging with large field of view. To solve this problem, we propose a design method for heterogeneous compound eye, and fabricate a prototype of heterogeneous compound eye camera (HeCECam). This prototype which consists of a heterogeneous compound eye array, an optical relay system and a CMOS sensor, is capable of dual-scale imaging in large field of view (360°×141°). The heterogeneous compound eye array is composed of 31 wide-angle (WA) subeyes and 226 high-definition (HD) subeyes. An optical relay system is introduced to re-image the curved focal surface formed by the heterogeneous compound eye array on a CMOS sensor, resulting in a heterogeneous compound eye image containing dual-scale subimages. To verify the imaging characteristics of this prototype, a series of experiments, such as large field of view imaging, imaging performance, and real-world scene imaging, were conducted. The experiment results show that this prototype can achieve dual-scale imaging in large field of view and has excellent imaging performance. This makes the HeCECam has great potential for UAV navigation, wide-area surveillance, and location tracking, and paves the way for the practical use of bio-inspired compound eye cameras.

this paper used ERDAS and ARCGIS software to collect the different land use information on the experimental, buffer and core areas for more than 30 years. By combining the social and economic data and selecting the index which is about the ecological risk of land use to built the system of land utilization evaluation index on ecological risk. On this basis, the AHP and expert commonly were used to determine the weight of index and establish the assessment model on ecological risk of the land use by using the method of fuzzy mathematics. With reference to the ecological risk index which was calculated, and adopting the interpolation and three regression methods to built a forecasting model .Finally, the computer simulation was used to establish the early warning for ecological risk of the land use.

2539 Background: On-target off-tumor toxicity is a significant concern in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T therapies, especially for solid tumors, leading to adverse effects on normal tissues and impacting on treatment efficacy. To address this challenge, a modified form of CAR-T cells named Peri Cruiser CAR-T has been developed by using miRNA technology to knock down three adhesion genes that mediate T cell transendothelial migration to normal tissues, aiming to block the extravasation of CAR-T cells so that the on-target off-tumor toxicity could be prevented without compromising anti-tumor efficacy. In this study, we provided a proof of concept by using the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as a targeting tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Methods: An miRNA cassette was incorporated into the vectors of anti-human or mouse EpCAM CARs. The knockdown efficiency, endothelial adhesion efficiency, effector functions and memory phenotypes in vitro were evaluated. To determine the toxicity in vivo, the anti-mouse EpCAM CAR-T cells were administered to non-tumor bearing NSG mice, and the body weight and T cell infiltration in normal tissues was evaluated. Anti-tumor efficacy was also evaluated in NSG mice with subcutaneous and metastatic tumor models by anti-human EpCAM CAR-T cells. Results: Our Peri Cruiser CAR-T platform was capable to effectively downregulate the target genes by 10 folds. The knockdown is stable after extended culture and antigen engagement in vitro. This knockdown of targeted genes significantly decreased T cell adhesion to endothelial cells and corresponding ligands, but did not affect T cell activation or effector functions such as cytotoxicity and IFN gamma release. Surprisingly, lowering the levels of these adhesion molecules improved the memory phenotypes of CAR-T cells as indicated by increased portion of CCR7+CD45RO+ cells. In vivo studies showed that conventional EpCAM CAR-T-injected mice experienced severe weight loss and all had to be sacrificed before day 8, the IHC staining of CD3 revealing massive infiltration of T cells in lung, liver, and kidney. However, the incorporation of the miRNA cassette prevented T cell infiltration in normal tissues, reversed the toxicity, and ensured the survival of all mice. The anti-tumor efficacy of these T cells was evaluated in vivo and found to decrease metastasis as effectively as the conventional CAR-T cells in a metastasis model of HCT116-Luc, although there was a slightly but not significantly decreased efficacy in a subcutaneous model of HCT116. Conclusions: The Peri Cruiser CAR-T platform can significantly improve the safety of CAR-T cells without compromising their efficacy to eliminate tumor cells in primary site and metastasis. This technology opens another avenue to safely target a variety of other TAA by CAR-T even when there is the potential of on-target off-tumor toxicity in normal tissues for those antigens.