With the dramatic increase in cancer incidence all over the world in the last decades, studies on identifying novel efficient anti-cancer agents have been intensified. Historically, natural products have represented one of the most important sources of new lead compounds with a wide range of biological activities. In this article, the multifaceted anti-cancer action of propolis-derived flavonoid, galangin, is presented, discussing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic effects in various cancer cells. In addition, co-effects with standard chemotherapeutic drugs as well as other natural compounds are also under discussion, besides highlighting modern nanotechnological advancements for overcoming the low bioavailability issue characteristic of galangin. Although further studies are needed for confirming the anti-cancer potential of galangin in vivo malignant systems, exploring this natural compound might open new perspectives in molecular oncology.

Purpose of Review Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) continues to be a worldwide health concern since it is the major cause of mortality and hospitalisation worldwide. Increased macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae and other infections has resulted in a significantly larger illness burden, which has been exacerbated by evolving demography and a higher prevalence of comorbid disorders. Owing to such circumstances, the creation of new antibiotic classes is critical. Recent Findings Lefamulin, also referred to as BC-3781, is the primary pleuromutilin antibiotic which has been permitted for both intravenous and oral use in humans for the remedy of bacterial infections. It has shown activity against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant strains as well as atypical organisms which as often implicated in CABP. It has a completely unique mechanism of action that inhibits protein synthesis via way of means of stopping the binding of tRNA for peptide transfer. The C(14) side chain is responsible for its pharmacodynamic and antimicrobial properties, together with supporting in overcoming bacterial ribosomal resistance and mutations improvement amplifying the number of hydrogen bonds to the target site. Summary This review aims to highlight the pre-existing treatment options and specific purposes to shed some light upon the development of a new drug lefamulin and its specifications and explore this novel drug’s superior efficacy to already existing treatment strategies.

Malignant melanoma is one of the most worrisome malignancies due to its fast dissemination and early formation of metastases in multiple sites throughout the body. Despite the intensive efforts made in the last decades, the use of standard therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has not led to a substantial improvement in clinical outcome, mainly because of the intrinsic resistance of melanomas to these treatment modalities. Therefore, in recent years, numerous studies have focused on the possibilities to boost the clinical responses of melanoma patients by using novel immunotherapeutic agents. In this review article, a comprehensive survey is presented about the approved immunotherapeutic drugs and their action mechanisms, besides describing also the agents that are currently still in clinical trials. Moreover, the combination of immunotherapeutic drugs with conventional approaches, i.e., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, is another focal point of this review, providing valuable input for further elaboration of the best treatment regimens to prolong survival and improve the quality of life of melanoma patients.

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