The Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive has emerged as one of the most preferred motor drives for industrial applications. Its distinguished advantages include high torque density, high efficiency, and vast speed range operation. This paper presents, First, details of PMSM drives and their components. Second, explain the modelling of PMSM. Third, discuss the needs of position sensors, their applications, and their performance with the required accuracy. They are finally concerned about extensive industrial applications and future sensorless and sensor-based PMSM drives research trends. Conclusion This paper reviews permanent magnet synchronous motor types and Permanent magnet materials used its advantage and disadvantage and the classification of PM rotor type. This paper briefly discusses the position sensor, its types, and application based on requirements. Based on comparative analysis of permanent magnet materials, briefly discuss sensors and classification of permanent magnet motor, recommendations are given on their practical application.

The majority of the copper N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes contain Cu in a + 1 oxidation state. The Cu(II)-NHC complexes reported so far usually require strict inert atmosphere conditions. In this work, we report a very facile and quantitative preparation of a series of new Cu(II)-NHC complexes ( 2a-c) starting from the inexpensive and readily available Cu(II) salts like Cu(OAc) 2 and CuCl 2 • 2H 2 O with imidazolium salts (1 a-c), wherein 2 b and 2 c were exclusively synthesized in water under aerobic condition. It should be emphasized that this is the first example where Cu(II)-NHC complexes have been prepared in the aqueous medium. All the complexes have manifested with a heterobidentate C, O chelate type of coordination to Cu(II) centers forming trans-[Cu(IRpyO) 2 ] (where R = Me, Mes, Dipp) type of complexes where 2 b forms a perfect square planar Cu(II)-NHC complex. Complexes 2 a-c were evaluated as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols.

The 6/6/5-fused tricyclic scaffold is a central feature of structurally complex terpenoid natural products. A stepeconomical cascade transformation that leads to a complex molecular skeleton is regarded as a sustainable methodology. Therefore, we report the first Mn(I)-catalyzed C(sp 2 )−H chemoselective in situ dienylation and diastereoselective intramolecular Diels−Alder reaction using iso-pentadienyl carbonate to access 6/6/5-fused tricyclic scaffolds. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such report thus far to utilize iso-pentadienyl carbonate as a substrate in C−H activation catalysis. Extensive mechanistic studies, such as the isolation of catalytically active organo-manganese(I) complexes, 1,3-dienyl-intermediates, and isotopic labeling experiments have supported the proposed mechanism of this cascade reaction.

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