The utilization of saline water plays an important role in agricultural production in saline areas to overcome freshwater shortages. Ionized saline water might alleviate the adverse effects of salinity on soil and plants. In this study, field experiments were conducted to study the effect of ionized saline water on the soil water content and salinity distribution in a sandy soil under a surface emitter. Passing groundwater through an ionization system installed on a feeding pipeline resulted in producing ionized saline water. Three emitter discharges (1.0, 1.8, 3.1 L h À1 ) and two water types (non-ionized and ionized saline water) were considered in the experiments. As a result of using ionized saline water, soil water content and salt leaching increased. Ionized treatment increased the salinity desalination rate by 31, 33 and 26% for surface soil layer in comparison with non-ionized treatments of 1.0, 1.8 and 3.1 L h À1 , respectively. It was found that using ionized saline water could decrease the surface wetting radius by 6-9% and increase the wetting depth by 11-17%. A discharge rate of 1.8 L h À1 was recommended as the optimal discharge rate for ionized saline water under drip irrigation. The results indicated that saline water could be improved through ionized treatment for agricultural irrigation in saline soils in an arid region. K E Y W O R D Sdischarge rates, ionization, soil salinity, soil water content, wetting radius and depth Résumé L'utilisation de l'eau salée joue un rôle important dans la production agricole dans les zones salines pour surmonter les pénuries d'eau douce. L'eau salée ionisée pourrait atténuer les effets néfastes de la salinité sur le sol et les plantes. Dans cette étude, des expériences sur le terrain ont été menées pour étudier l'effet de l'eau salée ionisée sur la teneur en eau du sol et la répartition de la salinité dans un sol sablonneux sous une buse individuelle de surface. Le passage des eaux souterraines à travers un système d'ionisation installé sur un pipeline d'alimentation a permis de produire de l'eau salée ionisée. Le passage de l'eau souterraine à travers un système d'ionisation installé sur un pipeline d'alimentation a produit de l'eau salée ionisée. Les expériences ont porté sur Article title in French: Influence de l'eau salee ionisée sur l'eau du sol et le transport du sel dans les sols salins.

Meteorological conditions and irrigation amounts are key factors that affect crop growth processes. Typically, crop growth and development are modeled as a function of time or growing degree days (GDD). Although the most important component of GDD is temperature, it can vary significantly year to year while also gradually shifting due to climate changes. However, cotton is highly sensitive to various meteorological factors, and reference crop evapotranspiration (ETO) integrates the primary meteorological factors responsible for global dryland extension and aridity changes. This paper constructs a cotton growth model using ETO, which improves the accuracy of crop growth simulation. Two cotton growth models based on the logistic model established using GDD or ETO as independent factors are evaluated in this paper. Additionally, this paper examines mathematical models that relate irrigation amount and irrigation water utilization efficiency (IWUE) to the maximum leaf area index (LAImax) and cotton yield, revealing some key findings. First, the model using cumulative reference crop evapotranspiration (CETO) as the independent variable is more accurate than the one using cumulative growing degree days. To better reflect the effects of meteorological conditions on cotton growth, this paper recommends using CETO as the independent variable to establish cotton growth models. Secondly, the maximum cotton yield is 7171.7 kg/ha when LAImax is 6.043 cm2/cm2, the corresponding required irrigation amount is 518.793 mm, and IWUE is 21.153 kg/(ha·mm). Future studies should consider multiple associated meteorological factors and use ETO crop growth models to simulate and predict crop growth and yield.

Soil water, salt, and nutrient variability are essential factors that impact crop productivity in agriculture systems. However, effective management of small farms requires access to fine-scale data on soil water, salt, and nutrients. Large-scale assessments of spatial variability using classical statistics and geostatistical methods can help identify nutrient-deficient zones. In Xinjiang, China, inadequate water and nutrient management has resulted in low crop productivity in agriculture systems. To address this issue, this study evaluated the mechanical composition, bulk density, and contents of water, salt, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and available phosphorus (A-P) in soil at the farm level in the Xinjiang region. Results showed low variability in soil bulk density, medium variability in soil water content, mechanical composition, NO3--N, and A-P, and high variability in soil salt content and NH4+-N. Mechanical composition and A-P showed a small range of variation across different soil depths, while soil water content and NO3--N in the surface layer varied significantly more than in other soil layers. NH4+-N variability increased with soil depth. Soil properties showed minimal differences over time. Multi-factor deficiencies, particularly in nitrogen, were observed throughout the study area. The generated maps offer a useful tool for farm managers and policymakers. In summary, this study highlights the significance of evaluating the spatial variability of soil properties for identifying zones deficient in water and nutrients, as well as those with salt accumulation. This information can be utilized to develop effective strategies for site-specific nutrient management.

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