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To obtain information on the hydrodynamics of gas-liquid-fine solid particles flow systems, gas holdup and pressure drop in vertical up flow and down flow tubes were measured at comparatively high fluid velocities, The following experimental results were obtained. 1) Within the range of experimental conditions, gas holdups in vertical up flow tubes are independent of tube diameter, average size and concentration of solid particles. 2) Frictional pressure drops in vertical up flow tubes are independent of the average size of solid particles, but increase with the concentration of solid particles. 3) Gas holdup in vertical down flow tubes, except at low gas and high slurry velocities, are independent of tube diameter, average size and concentration of solid particles. 4) Frictional pressure drops in vertical down flow tubes are independent of the average size of solid particles, but increase with the concentration of solid particles.

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50 524 TaAl N thinˆlms prepared by DC reactive sputtering with Ta and Al composite target in a gas mixture of argon and nitrogen were investigated. The electrical properties of TaAl N thinˆlms could be controlled by the gas ‰ow rate rario R N : R N ＝F(N 2 )/[F(N 2 )＋F (Ar)]. Under the condition of R N lower than 25, the TCR (the temperature coe‹cient of the resistivity) was constant at RT 300°C.The crystal structure of TaAl N thinˆlm was in‰uenced by R N .

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