A series of transition metal (M)-promoted carbonsilicon (CÀ MÀ Si; M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr) solid acid catalysts with designated molar ratio of M/Si = 1 : 8 were fabricated and exploited for acetalization of benzaldehyde (BzH) with ethylene glycol (EG). The physical and chemical properties of these CÀ MÀ Si catalysts prepared by sol-gel method were characterized by various techniques, namely, SEM, EDS, TGA-DTG, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and NH 3 -TPD. Among various examined acidic CÀ MÀ Si catalysts, the CÀ FeÀ Si catalyst exhibited the optimal catalytic activity with the benzaldehyde glycol acetal (BEGA) yield of 97.67 %, in excellent agreement with the value (97.88 %) predicted by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD). CÀ FeÀ Si catalyst with the high catalytic activities and excellent stability and reusability may be ascribed to the suitable acidity and uniform surface distribution of active sites requisite for the acid-catalyzed acetalization reaction.
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