A hypertensive 78-year-old woman was admitted with continuous abdominal pain and nausea and was diagnosed with right giant renal artery aneurysm (RAA; 70 mm in diameter) by means of abdominal computed tomography. Aortography demonstrated huge RAA with arteriovenous fistula visualizing the inferior vena cava at arterial phase. Nephrectomy was performed and the patient has had an uneventful postoperative course.

Reduction in cooling loss due to the heat transfer from burning gas to the combustion chamber wall is very important for improving the thermal efficiency in hydrogen engines. The previous research has shown that the direct injection stratified charge can be a technique to reduce the cooling loss and improve thermal efficiency in hydrogen combustion. For effective reductions in cooling loss by the stratified charge, it is very important to know the relation between the fuel injection conditions and mixture distribution. The current research employs the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy as a method to measure the hydrogen concentration distribution in the direct injection stratified charge. Measurement of instantaneous local equivalence ratio by the method clears the characteristics of mixture formation in hydrogen direct injection stratified charge. This research also tries to actively control the mixture distribution using a split fuel injection.

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