Hepatitis is a severe liver disease with worldwide distribution. This study explored the antiinflammatory influence of Emodin on LPS-triggered liver injury in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we discovered that LPS treatment triggered L-02 cell and primary hepatocyte inflammatory injury. Emodin weakened the LPS-triggered cell inflammatory injury and NF-jB pathway activation. Emodin alleviated LPS-stimulated decrease of miR-145 expression. Moreover, miR-145 participated in the regulation of pro-inflammatory factors expression and negatively regulated IRAK1. Besides, IRAK1 exert regulatory roles in the activation of NF-jB pathway. In vivo, we found that Emodin pre-treatment weakened the LPS-triggered increases of pro-inflammatory factors expression, up-regulations of AST and ALT level, liver cell apoptosis, reduction of miR-145 and enhancement of IRAK1. Our research verified that Emodin weakened LPS-triggered liver cell inflammatory injury in vitro and in vivo might be achieved by elevating miR-145, decreasing IRAK1 and then suppressing NF-jB pathway.

Based on self-determination theory and job characteristics theory, this study aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive model simultaneously investigating the relationship between job characteristics and two forms of work motivation (i.e., controlled motivation and autonomous motivation). To examine the proposed model, we recruited employees working in multiple Chinese industries and collected 435 valid questionnaires. The results indicate that job characteristics have a significantly positive effect on basic psychological needs satisfaction, which, in turn, positively affects autonomous motivation and negatively influences controlled motivation. In addition, basic psychological needs satisfaction mediates the linkage between job characteristics and positive or negative work motivation. Moreover, when an employee had high positive affectivity, job characteristics were more likely to fuel their basic psychological needs satisfaction. In contrast, job characteristics were more likely to be the depressor of these needs satisfaction when an employee possesses high negative affectivity. Our findings revealed that the degree of three needs satisfaction at work is a convincing and identifiable psychological mechanism between job characteristics and two types of work motivation. Also, work affectivity may influence the different perceptions of job characteristics, reminding managers that personality traits are a non-negligible factor in job design. Overall, this paper extends the application of the job characteristics model by revealing when and how job characteristics influence two types of work motivation and further puts forward managerial implications.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of the soluble programmed death‑1 (sPD-1) protein, which is released by peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Treg) during the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). From October 2012 to May 2014, 82 RA patients (RA group) and 90 healthy volunteers (healthy controls; HC) were recruited. Cluster of differentiation (CD)4, CD25 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) and expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Foxp3 were detected by flow cytometry. Expression of sPD‑1 in Treg was detected by western blot analysis. Immunosuppressive activity of CD4+CD25‑ Treg was measured via thiazolyl blue in an MTT assay. ELISA was used to detect interleukin‑10 (IL‑10), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon‑γ (IFN-γ) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF‑AT). It was observed that in peripheral blood, CD4+CD25-FOXP3+/CD4+ levels were reduced in the RA group (P<0.001), and sPD‑1 levels were markedly higher (P<0.001), compared with the HC group. Additionally, it was observed that relative sPD‑1 protein expression in the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-sPD-1 treated group was reduced compared with the untreated and scrambled siRNA groups (all P<0.0001). The mean fluorescence intensity of CTLA-4 and Foxp3 decreased markedly upon transfection with siRNA-sPD-1 (P<0.001). Compared with the normal CD4+CD25‑ T group, optical density (OD)540 values, IFN-γ/IL-4 concentration ratio and NF‑AT activity in siRNA untreated and scramble groups reduced significantly (all P<0.001). OD540 value, IFN-γ/IL-4 concentration ratio and NF‑AT activity in the siRNA‑sPD‑1 group were significantly upregulated (all P<0.001). Therefore, sPD-1 may suppress the level of CD4+CD25‑ Tregs in the peripheral blood of RA patients, and may be involved in a variety of immune processes mediated by CD4+CD25‑ Tregs.

With the popularization and rapid development of the Internet, the negative impact caused by negative comments is exacerbated. The increasingly common negative comments on various video websites and social networking sites have exercised a malign influence on public opinion and caused adverse social consequences. This paper uses LightGBM to establish a high-performance negative comment prediction model. The data set selected in this paper is from the Internet movie database IMDB, in which positive and negative comments have been marked for our training model. After Bag of Words processing and TF-IDF processing of the dataset and substituting it into our training model, the researchers obtained the final model with an accuracy of more than 95%, which has a more satisfactory performance compared with the classical integrated model and the traditional binary classification model. Thus it can be seen that this model has an advantage in identifying spiteful comments online.