ObjectiveAccumulating evidence for differential expression of microRNA-224 (miR-224) in various types of human cancer suggests that it may be play a crucial role in tumor biology. The previous microarray detection also shown that miR-224 was one of miRNAs with significant upregulation in cervical cancer tissues relative to adjacent normal tissues. However, little is known about the function of miR-224 in human cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-224 expression in cervical cancer.MethodsMiR-224 expression in 126 pairs of fresh human cervical cancer and adjacent normal tissues was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay.ResultsmiR-224 expression was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues when compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). It was also significantly higher in the cancerous tissues of patients with advanced FIGO stage cervical cancer than those with early FIGO stage (P = 0.02). In addition, miR-224 was expressed at significantly higher levels in lymph node metastasis-positive patients than in lymph node metastasis-negative patients (P = 0.008). Moreover, we found that lesser differentiated tumors expressed higher miR-224 (P = 0.03). Finally, there were sufficient evidence to confirm its value in the status of vascular invasion (P = 0.01) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (P = 0.02) in cervical cancer. More importantly, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that cervical cancer patients with high miR-224 expression tend to have shorter overall survival. In multivariate analysis stratified for known prognostic variables, miR-224 was identified as an independent prognostic marker.ConclusionOur data indicated that miR-224 upregulation was associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer. MiR-224 was identified for the first time as an independent marker for predicting the clinical outcome of cervical cancer patients.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2170449349527493

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Herein, we report a novel strategy toward galanthamine and lycoramine. The concise synthesis was enabled by a Rh-catalyzed gram-scale C–C activation for the tetracyclic carbon framework and a regioselective Pd-catalyzed C–H activation for double-bond introduction. An aqueous-phase Beckmann rearrangement was performed for nitrogen atom insertion. Galanthamine and lycoramine were completed in 11 and 10 steps, respectively.

Objective: To study the expression of miRNA29 target genes recombinant cyclin D2 (CCND2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues and their relationship with clinicopathological factors. Methods: Levels of mRNA of CCND2 and CDK6 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) tissues and normal cervical tissues were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results: There was a statistical difference in the expression of CCND2 (one of miRNA29 target genes) in normal cervical tissues, CIN tissues and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues (H = 29.27, p = .00), but there was no statistical difference in the expression of CDK6 (one of miRNA29 target genes) in them (H = 2.76, p = .25). CCND2 was positively correlated to CDK6 in CIN tissues (r = 0.58, p < .05). Conclusions: CCND2, one of miRNA29 target genes, may be involved in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, but CDK6 is less relevant to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer; CCND2 and CDK6 may play a synergistic role in the occurrence and development of CIN. Key Words: Cervical cancer, Recombinant cyclin D2, Cyclin-dependent kinase 6, MicroRNA29Cervical cancer is a common malignant tumor in gynecology. The out-of-control in cell cycle has a significant correlation with the occurrence of tumors. [1,2] A miRNA is a set of small, endogenous, non-coding, single-chain RNA molecules, which are widely present in eukaryotic organisms. Whereas, microRNA29 (miRNA29) is lowly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors in a way that targeting recombinant cyclin D2 (CCND2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) are involved in the regulation of cell cycle and the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. [3,4] Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to this study, in order to detect the expression of CCND2 and CDK6 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues and analyze their interaction in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.