BACKGROUND: Expanded vermiculite is widely used in many fields, especially as an ameliorant in agriculture. Although it is known as a cation-exchanger, in a search for a new cesium adsorbent for environmental conservation, the ion-exchange behaviour of cesium on vermiculite in various grain sizes was investigated. The adsorption of cesium from artificial seawater was also investigated.

Cationic isothiouronium-terminated amphiphilic poly(3-octylthiophene) IPOT has been synthesized by the reaction of bromoethylene-terminated poly(3-octylthiophene) with 1-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)-3-methylthiourea. By performing gel-permeation chromatography analysis, we estimated the number-average molecular weight (M(n)) and the polydispersity index (PDI) to be 1.07 x 10(4) and 1.48, respectively. The incorporation of an isothiouronium unit at the terminal position renders the polymer amphiphilic. Well-dispersed spherical aggregates were formed with increasing H2O content in the THF solution and were characterized by FE-SEM and powder XRD measurements. We thus proposed a core/shell-type micelle with a poly(3-octylthiophene) segment as the core and an isothiouronium segment as the shell, exposing the hydrophilic methoxyethoxy pendant. The change in morphology to a spherical shape led to a bathochromic shift of the absorption band with decreasing fluorescence intensity, enabling us to use it as a fluorimetric "off-on" sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) where a quick response to THF was observed on the IPOT aggregate-coated TLC plate.