By adopting the differential age method, we utilize selected 17832 luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Seven (SDSS DR7) covering redshift 0 < z < 0.4 to measure Hubble parameters. Using a full spectrum fitting package UlySS, these spectra are reduced with single stellar population (SSP) models and optimal age information of our selected sample are derived. With the decreasing ageredshift relation, four new observational H(z) data (OHD) points are obtained, which are H(z) = 69.0 ± 19.6 km s −1 Mpc −1 at z = 0.07, H(z) = 68.6 ± 26.2 km s −1 Mpc −1 at z = 0.12, H(z)=72.9 ± 29.6 km s −1 Mpc −1 at z = 0.2 and H(z)=88.8 ± 36.6 km s −1 Mpc −1 at z = 0.28, respectively. Combined with other 21 available OHD data points, a performance of constraint on both flat and non-flat ΛCDM model is presented.

Constraining neutrino mass remains an elusive challenge in modern physics. Precision measurements are expected from several upcoming cosmological probes of large-scale structure. Achieving this goal relies on an equal level of precision from theoretical predictions of neutrino clustering. Numerical simulations of the non-linear evolution of cold dark matter and neutrinos play a pivotal role in this process. We incorporate neutrinos into the cosmological N-body code CUBEP 3 M and discuss the challenges associated with pushing to the extreme scales demanded by the neutrino problem. We highlight code optimizations made to exploit modern high performance computing architectures and present a novel method of data compression that reduces the phase-space particle footprint from 24 bytes in single precision to roughly 9 bytes. We scale the neutrino problem to the Tianhe-2 supercomputer and provide details of our production run, named TianNu, which uses 86% of the machine (13,824 compute nodes). With a total of 2.97 trillion particles, TianNu is currently the world's largest cosmological N-body simulation and improves upon previous neutrino simulations by two orders of magnitude in arXiv:1611.01545v2 [astro-ph.CO] 28 Jul 2017 2 Emberson et al.scale. We finish with a discussion of the unanticipated computational challenges that were encountered during the TianNu runtime.

Mutations within the Shank3 gene, which encodes a key postsynaptic density (PSD) protein at glutamatergic synapses, contribute to the genetic etiology of defined autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), including Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) and intellectual disabilities (ID). Although there are a series of genetic mouse models to study Shank3 gene in ASDs, there are few rat models with species-specific advantages. In this study, we established and characterized a novel rat model with a deletion spanning exons 11–21 of Shank3 , leading to a complete loss of the major SHANK3 isoforms. Synaptic function and plasticity of Shank3 -deficient rats were impaired detected by biochemical and electrophysiological analyses. Shank3 -depleted rats showed impaired social memory but not impaired social interaction behaviors. In addition, impaired learning and memory, increased anxiety-like behavior, increased mechanical pain threshold and decreased thermal sensation were observed in Shank3 -deficient rats. It is worth to note that Shank3 -deficient rats had nearly normal levels of the endogenous social neurohormones oxytocin (OXT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP). This new rat model will help to further investigate the etiology and assess potential therapeutic target and strategy for Shank3 -related neurodevelopmental disorders.

Publisher's copyright statement:Reprinted with permission from the American Physical Society: Physical Review Letters 117, 051101 c 2016 by the American Physical Society. Readers may view, browse, and/or download material for temporary copying purposes only, provided these uses are for noncommercial personal purposes. Except as provided by law, this material may not be further reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modied, adapted, performed, displayed, published, or sold in whole or part, without prior written permission from the American Physical Society.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. In this Letter, we report the observational constraints on the Hu-Sawicki fðRÞ theory derived from weak lensing peak abundances, which are closely related to the mass function of massive halos. In comparison with studies using optical or x-ray clusters of galaxies, weak lensing peak analyses have the advantages of not relying on mass-baryonic observable calibrations. With observations from the Canada-France-HawaiiTelescope Lensing Survey, our peak analyses give rise to a tight constraint on the model parameter jf R0 j for n ¼ 1. The 95% C.L. is log 10 jf R0 j < −4.82 given WMAP9 priors on (Ω m , A s ). With Planck15 priors, the corresponding result is log 10 jf R0 j < −5.16.