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Background: Emerging studies have explored the possibility of ADHD and associated abnormal eating behaviors as catalysts for obesity in children and adolescents. However, results were largely inconsistent. This study aims to explore the effects of ADHD and abnormal eating behaviors (including eating disorders, emotional eating, and bedtime eating) on obesity, and to assess the moderating role of abnormal eating behaviors between ADHD symptoms and BMI in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: We recruited 546 grade 3 to 11 students and their parents by stratified random sampling from three primary schools and four middle schools in Shanghai, China. This study used parent-reported versions of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV to assess ADHD symptoms, the Eating Attitudes Test and the Children’s Eating Attitude Test to assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms, and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire to collect information about other abnormal eating behaviors at baseline and at a follow-up survey 1 year later. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that ED played a moderating role in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and BMI in addition to age ( β = .003, p = .008). The simple slope test showed that ADHD symptoms positively correlated with BMI ofs in the older age group with a high level of ED symptoms ( β = .16, p < .001). Moreover, the baseline ED symptoms ( β = .03, p = .032) and ADHD symptoms ( β = .12, p = .015) increased the students’ BMI one year later after controlling for confounding factors. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students’ BMI separately. Moreover, ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students’ BMI separately. Moreover, a combined high level of ADHD and ED symptoms is correlated with students’ high BMI in the older age group.

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The choropleth map is a device used for the display of socioeconomic data associated with an areal partition of geographic space. Cartographers emphasize the need to standardize any raw count data by an area-based total before displaying the data in a choropleth map. The standardization process converts the raw data from an absolute measure into a relative measure. However, there is recognition that the standardizing process does not enable the map reader to distinguish between low-low and high-high numerator/denominator differences. This research uses concentration-based classification schemes using Lorenz curves to address some of these issues. A test data set of nonwhite birth rate by county in North Carolina is used to demonstrate how this approach differs from traditional mean-variance-based systems such as the Jenks' optimal classification scheme.

This paper analyzes the process of China’s Warship Equipment Maintenance and Support System’s development, which considers the evolution of the system as the results of the combined effects of internal and external factors. A basic conceptual model of dynamic causes of the evolution of Warship Equipment’s Maintenance and Support System has been built based on the theory of Dynamic core competence. It has answered the question “why the Warship Equipment’s Maintenance and Support System evolves.