What Is Known and Objective Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) hyporesponsiveness is an important cause for the undertreatment of anaemia. A decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) levels was observed during the initial stage of the conversion from ESA to roxadustat. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness and safety of adding roxadustat to an ESA for the treatment of ESA‐hyporesponsive anaemia in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods Patients on PD with ESA‐hyporesponsive anaemia were enrolled from January 2020 to April 2020 with a 24‐week follow‐up period. Patients were treated with roxadustat at a starting dose of 50 or 100 mg thrice weekly without changing the ESA dose. Roxadustat and ESA dose adjustments were made as needed to maintain Hb levels within 11.0 to 13.0 g/dl. Efficacy outcomes and safety were assessed. Results and Discussion Nine patients were recruited in the study. Both the cumulative responsive rate and maintenance rate of Hb > 11 g/dl were 100%. Six patients required ESA dose reduction from ≥15,000 UI/week to ≤7000 IU/week at week 24. No drug‐related severe adverse events were observed in this study. What Is New and Conclusion The addition of roxadustat effectively and smoothly corrected anaemia in patients who were hyporesponsive to ESA, and permitted reduction of the ESA dose.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is the gold standard for the diagnosis of hypertension, but its effects on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remain uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between ambulatory blood pressure and clinical outcomes in PD patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in PD patients enrolled from March 2001 to July 2018 and followed until October 2019. Blood pressure was evaluated using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The endpoints included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify the associations between ambulatory blood pressure and endpoints. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with elevated pulse pressure (PP). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 260 PD patients (154 men, 59.2%) were recruited. The median follow-up duration was 40.7 months. Our studies revealed that PP was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.018; 95% CI, 1.001–1.034; <i>p</i> = 0.032), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.039; 95% CI, 1.017–1.061; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and cardiovascular events (HR, 1.028; 95% CI, 1.011–1.046; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Systolic blood pressure was an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.007–1.040; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and cardiovascular events (HR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.006–1.030; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Vascular calcification was significantly associated with elevated PP (OR, 3.069; 95% CI, 1.632–5.772; <i>p</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> 24-h ambulatory PP was the most significant predictor of all blood pressure indicators for clinical outcomes in PD patients.

Aim: Atherosclerosis has been reported as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population. As a phenotype of atherosclerosis, carotid plaque and its influence factors are rarely discussed among dialysis patients. The study aimed to investigate the prognosis-predictive significance of carotid plaques in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and explore risks factors for carotid plaque presence. Methods: It was an observational, prospective study. Patients that had undergone stable PD for at least 3 months were recruited and divided into two subgroups: group with carotid plaques and group without carotid plaques. Cox regression model was used to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events (CVEs), and cardiovascular mortality. Pathogenic factors correlated to the plaqueoccurrence were explored by logistic regression and verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 233 PD patients were recruited. The cohort was followed for up to 86 months. The carotid plaque presence turned out to be an independent risk fac