In order to improve the flame retardant efficiency and smoke-suppression of piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate (PPAP/MCA) in PP, the synergism of ZnO and PPAP/MCA was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) determination, UL-94 test, and cone calorimetry test (CCT). It is found that ZnO performs an exceptional synergism in flame retardant effect and inhibition on the flame propagation. Besides, ZnO can significantly inhibit the production of the smoke and CO. The TGA of the PP composites, the component and structure analysis of the heated composites and CCT residues reveal that ZnO performs the synergism primarily by the following modes: ZnO promotes obviously the charring of the composite, and improves the thermal stability as well as the strength of the intumescent layer, which brings about an improved flame retardant property and inhibiting ability on the flame propagation.

Fire-retardant synergy of tris(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) phosphite (NORPM) and aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP)/melamine hydrobromide (MHB) in polypropylene (PP) was researched by limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test, and cone calorimetric test (CCT). The results reveal that NORPM, together with ALHP/MHB, has an exceptional fire-retardant synergy in PP. For the FR-PP containing 1.0 wt% of ALHP and 1.5 wt% of MHB, combining NORPM in 0.20 wt% concentration can make its LOI value increases from 19.0% to 26.1%, the fire-retardant efficiency (EFF) increases from 0.48 to 3.07, synergistic efficiency (SE) is as high as 2.18, the vertical combustion rating can be improved from none to UL 94 V-2, fire performance index (FPI) increases from 58.7 to 84.9, and various heat release parameter values are reduced markedly. NORPM induces the synergy with ALHP/MHB primarily by the mechanisms as follows: active free radicals formed through the decomposition of NORPM, such as CH 3 , CH 3 O, nitro radicals and amino radicals, together with PH 3 and HBr, trap active radicals (HOÁ) for combustion. Consequently, the reaction chain of combustion is terminated, which makes gaseous phase fire retardancy more efficient.

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