Many efforts have been made towards improving perovskite (PVK) solar cell stability, but their thermal stability, particularly at 85 °C (IEC 61646 climate chamber tests), remains a challenge. Outdoors, the installed solar cell temperature can reach up to 85 °C, especially in desert regions, providing sufficient motivation to study the effect of temperature stress at or above this temperature (e.g., 100 °C) to confirm the commercial viability of PVK solar cells for industrial companies. In this work, a three-layer printable HTM-free CH NH PbI PVK solar cell with a mesoporous carbon back contact and UV-curable sealant was fabricated and tested for thermal stability over 1500 h at 100 °C. Interestingly, the position of the UV-curing glue was found to drastically affect the device stability. The side-sealed cells show high PCE stability and represent a large step toward commercialization of next generation organic-inorganic lead halide PVK solar cells.

We have prepared perovskite [CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MALI), CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 (MALB), NH 2 CH=NH 2 PbI 3 (FALI), and NH 2 CH=NH 2 PbBr 3 (FALB)] thin films by a one-step process on glass/TiO 2 and glass/Al 2 O 3 substrates and studied the stability of the perovskite under UV/visible light radiation up to 24 h at 1.5AM in air. After irradiation, the films were characterized by UV-vis absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. In addition, photovoltaic performance characteristics in air were studied using different perovskites before (0 h) and after 24 h irradiation. The results revealed that Al 2 O 3 protected the perovskite crystal from degradation. However, the perovskites were unstable except for NH 2 CH=NH 2 PbI 3 under the same conditions using a TiO 2 scaffold layer.

Research of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells had significant attention as the candidate of new future energy. Due to the toxicity, however, lead (Pb) free photon harvesting layer should be discovered to replace the present CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. In place of lead, we have tried antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi) with organic and metal monovalent cations (CH3NH3 +, Ag+ and Cu+). Therefore, in this work, lead-free photo-absorber layers of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9, (CH3NH3)3SbBiI9, Ag3BiI6, Ag3BiI3(SCN)3 and Cu3BiI6 were processed by solution deposition way to be solar cells. About the structure of solar cells, we have compared the normal (n-i-p: TiO2-perovskite-spiro OMeTAD) and inverted (p-i-n: NiO-perovskite-PCBM) structures. The normal (n-i-p)-structured solar cells performed better conversion efficiencies, basically. But, these environmental friendly photon absorber layers showed the uneven surface morphology with a particular grow pattern depend on the substrate (TiO2 or NiO). We have considered that the unevenness of surface morphology can deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and can hinder future prospect of these lead-free photon harvesting layers. However, we found new interesting finding about the progress of devices by the interface of NiO/Sb3+ and TiO2/Cu3BiI6, which should be addressed in the future study.

Lead halide perovskite single layers with three grain sizes are subjected to proton-beam irradiation in order to assess the durability and radiation tolerance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) against space radiation. Proton-beam irradiation is chosen because proton beams significantly affect solar cell performance in the space environment. We evaluate the effects of proton beams by focusing on the grain structure, crystal structure, and carrier lifetime of a perovskite single layer by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and time-resolved PL (TRPL). The results show that proton irradiation does not significantly affect the grain structure and crystal structure of perovskite layer; the TRPL results show that the carrier lifetime inside the grain is constant up to a fluence of 1 × 10 14 p + /cm 2 and decreases significantly at a fluence of 1 × 10 15 p + /cm 2 . Proton-beam radiation tolerance of the grain inside the perovskite layer is dominant in the radiation tolerance of PSCs.

The CHNHPbI perovskite solar cells have been fabricated using three-porous-layered electrodes as, 〈glass/F-doped tin oxide (FTO)/dense TiO/porous TiO-perovskite/porous ZrO-perovskite/porous carbon-perovskite〉 for light stability tests. Without encapsulation in air, the CHNHPbI perovskite solar cells maintained 80% of photoenergy conversion efficiency from the initial value up to 100 h under light irradiation (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm). Considering the color variation of the CHNHPbI perovskite layer, the significant improvement of light stability is due to the moisture-blocking effect of the porous carbon back electrodes. The strong interaction between carbon and CHNHPbI perovskite was proposed by the measurements of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction of the porous carbon-perovskite layers.