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showing cognitive deterioration. Thus, patients with long-COVID showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms and executive dysfunction. However, it would be more informative for future studies to include a comprehensive battery on cognition in long-COVID. Since effective treatments for long-COVID are currently limited, it is clinically significant to conduct a preliminary study such as the case series, in which non-invasive TMS neuromodulation is applied.Previous studies of long-COVID have reported the cognitive symptoms including receptive language disorder and executive dysfunction, assessed by TMT, other than memory impairment. 8,9 Thus, the restoration of executive dysfunction due to long-COVID by TMS treatment is noteworthy. This may be attributable to the fact that TMS treatment targeting the left DLPFC may have resulted in significant improvement in cognitive dysfunction, including executive function. Furthermore, administration of intermittent theta-burst stimulation, which has a facilitatory effect on the DLPFC, may enhance the theta-gamma coupling that is involved in cognitive function and induce neuroplasticity in the stimulated area, consequently improving cognitive function. 10 While this case series is still preliminary, it is of high medical and social significance as it may provide a promising, novel treatment option for patients experiencing symptoms associated with long-COVID. The preliminary results warrant randomized controlled trials to provide more solid evidence.