In this paper the authors attain a flat panel autostereoscopic display with time‐division multiplexing directional backlight that can be seen by multiple viewers at the same time. The proposed system realizes thin directional backlight system by combining dot‐matrix light source, hexagonal convex lens array with delta alignment, and a directional diffuser. Directional diffuser can blur the seam of lens array and can smooth the uneven light intensity in each elemental lens, which leads to better quality of presented image.

Abstract. When a directional backlight to each eye alternates synchronously with the alternation of left-eye and right-eye images on the display panel, the viewer can see a stereoscopic image without wearing special goggles. One way to realize a directional backlight is to place a convex lens array in front of dot matrix light sources to generate collimated light. To implement this method, however, defocusing and field curvature of the lens should be taken into account. The viewing zone of an autostereoscopic display with a directional backlight using a convex lens array is analyzed based on optical simulations. IntroductionTime-division multiplexing is one of the major methods to attain a stereoscopic display. With the advancement of liquid crystal display (LCD) technologies, LCD panels that can attain a short response time (120 Hz or faster) have been developed, which has enabled commercialization of threedimensional (3-D) LCD TV sets based on the time-division multiplexing coupled with shutter glasses.LCD panels operating at high refresh rates can also be applied to autostereoscopic displays with high resolution. Most autostereoscopic displays developed so far are based either on parallax barrier technology or on lenticular lens technology. Though multiple display pixels under a single aperture or lens can create multiple viewing zones, the cost to this is a significant loss in resolution. The time-division multiplexing has enabled the presentation of a stereoscopic image whose resolution is the same as that of the display panel.One of the simplest ways to realize high resolution autostereoscopy with time-division multiplexing is to use an active parallax barrier.1-3 Fixed parallax barrier with two viewpoints reduces the resolution of the image by half. By alternating the position of the parallax barrier and the image on the display panel synchronously at a high refresh rate, a full resolution 3-D image can be delivered to the

SUMMARYWe realize homogenous luminance of the directional backlight for the time-division multiplexing autostereoscopic display using a convex lens array with the elemental lenses whose phase of placement in each row differs from one another. The validity of the proposed optical design is confirmed by a prototype system.

The understanding of signaling events is critical for attaining long-term expansion of hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo. In this study, we aim to analyze the contribution of multiple signaling molecules in proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. To this end, we design a bottom-up engineered receptor with multiple tyrosine motifs, which can recruit multiple signaling molecules of interest. This is followed by a top-down approach, where one of the multiple tyrosine motifs in the bottom-up engineered receptor is functionally knocked out by tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutation. The combination of these two approaches demonstrates the importance of Shc in cooperation with STAT3 or STAT5 in the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. The platform developed herein may be applied for analyzing other cells and/or other cell fate regulation systems.

In this paper we describe an aerial 3D image that occludes far background scenery based on coarse integral volumetric imaging (CIVI) technology. There have been many volumetric display devices that present floating 3D images, most of which have not reproduced the visual occlusion. CIVI is a kind of multilayered integral imaging and realizes an aerial volumetric image with visual occlusion by combining multiview and volumetric display technologies. The conventional CIVI, however, cannot show a deep space, for the number of layered panels is limited because of the low transmittance of each panel. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel optical design to attain an aerial 3D image that occludes far background scenery. In the proposed system, a translucent display panel with 120 Hz refresh rate is located between the CIVI system and the aerial 3D image. The system modulates between the aerial image mode and the background image mode. In the aerial image mode, the elemental images are shown on the CIVI display and the inserted translucent display is uniformly translucent. In the background image mode, the black shadows of the elemental images in a white background are shown on the CIVI display and the background scenery is displayed on the inserted translucent panel. By alternation of these two modes at 120 Hz, an aerial 3D image that visually occludes the far background scenery is perceived by the viewer.