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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the treatment of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: This was a 13-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients meeting American College of Rheumatology clinical and radiographic criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee. At baseline, patients were required to have a 3 4 weekly mean of the 24-hour average pain ratings. Patients were randomized to either duloxetine 60 mg once daily (QD) or placebo. At week 7, the duloxetine dosage was increased, in a blinded fashion, to 120-mg QD in patients reporting < 30% pain reduction. The primary efficacy measure was Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) 24-hour average pain. Secondary efficacy measures included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC); Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI-S). Safety and tolerability was also assessed. Results: Of the total (n = 256) patients, 111 (86.7%) in placebo group and 93 (72.7%) in duloxetine group completed the study. Patients treated with duloxetine had significantly (P 2 0.001) greater improvement at all time points on BPI average pain and had significantly greater improvement on BPI pain severity ratings (P 2 0.05), WOMAC total (P = 0.044) and physical functioning scores (P = 0.016), and CGI-S (P = 0.009) at the study endpoint. Frequency of treatment-emergent nausea, constipation, and hyperhidrosis were significantly higher in the duloxetine group (P 2 0.05). Significantly more duloxetine-treated patients discontinued the trial because of adverse events (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Treatment with duloxetine 60 mg to 120 mg QD was associated with significant pain reduction and improved function in patients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee.

Existing traffic flow forecasting approaches by deep learning models achieve excellent success based on a large volume of datasets gathered by governments and organizations. However, these datasets may contain lots of user's private data, which is

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We investigated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and its metabolic associations in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and in insulin-naïve and insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Baseline data from patients who had liver fat content (LFC) evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging in four phase 3 studies of basal insulin peglispro (BIL) were analysed. Associations of NAFLD with clinical characteristics, glycaemic control and diabetes therapy were evaluated. The prevalence of NAFLD (defined as LFC ≥ 6%) was low in T1D (8.8%) but high in T2D, with greater prevalence in insulin-naïve (75.6%) vs insulin-treated (61.7%) T2D patients. LFC (mean ± SD) was higher in T2D patients (insulin-naïve, 13.0% ± 8.4%; insulin-treated, 10.2% ± 7.8%) than in T1D patients (3.2% ± 3.2%). In T2D, NAFLD was associated with several markers of insulin resistance. In all three populations, there was an absence of association of HbA1c with LFC, but insulin doses were higher in patients with NAFLD.