Within the limitation of low sample size we found that both bottom-up inside-out and top-down outside-in approaches have similar clinical outcomes. Hence it could be suggestive to start fixation of least disrupted (more stable) facial half as a guide for reconstruction of the remaining. Choice of the bottom-up inside-out or top-down outside-in sequence should be according to the pattern of fractures and preference of the surgeon. However, further controlled clinical trials, comparative studies with a larger sample size would be better to evaluate the final clinical outcome of individual techniques.

Introduction: Dry socket is one of the most common postoperative complications following the extraction of permanent teeth, which is characterized by pain and exposed bone. The usual protocol followed for its management is irrigation of the socket and packing of the socket with medicated gel or paste to provide relatively faster pain relief and allow normal wound healing. In this study, we evaluated the outcome of management of dry socket with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and intraalveolar alvogyl dressing, in terms of improvement in pain and socket epithelialization after the treatment. Methodology: Thirty participants with established dry socket were randomly divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. The participants in Group A were treated with alvogyl and those in Group B were treated with PRF. Clinical parameters were assessed for both groups on the 1 st day of the procedure and on the 3 rd and 10 th -day postoperatively for the reduction in pain and wound healing. Results: There was a significant decrease in pain and the number of socket wall exposure in both the groups by the 3 rd postoperative day. In both the groups, the pain had completely resolved and socket fully epithelialized by the 10 th postoperative day. Discussion: The use of PRF in the present study yielded promising results in terms of both pain reduction and improved wound healing which was comparable to the conventional alvogyl dressing. It may be concluded that PRF is an effective modality for the management of dry socket.

The science of finite element analysis (FEA) is purely a mathematical way of solving complex problems in the universe. In medical field, this is an innovation in biomedical research and development, as it gives easier mathematical solution to biological problems. This article deals with the understanding of various basic material properties of bone like Young's modulus, yield strength, Bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and density from a maxillofacial surgeon's perspective. Basic concepts in FEA, its application, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations in the field of maxillofacial surgery have been discussed. The importance of surgical fraternity to be in coordination with evolving technologies has been emphasized for the future of evidence based practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

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