This study aimed in the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in different four varieties of rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) using LC-MS and HPLC. LC-MS analysis guided to identify 12 phenolic compounds including sinapine, sinapine(4-O-8')guaiacyl, feruloyl choline(4-O-8') guaiacyl, kaempferol-3-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-sophoroside, cyclic spermidine-alkaloid, feruloyl choline(5-8')guaiacyl, kaempferol-sinapoyl-trihexoside,1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-gentiobiose, 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-glucose, feruloyl choline(4-O-8')guaiacyl-di-sinapoyl, and sinapine(4-O-8')guaiacyl-di-sinapoyl, respectively. Total phenolic compounds in rapeseed meals were ranged from 38.50 (2012 "Sunmang") to 63.95 mg/g dry weight (DW) (2014 Jeju local cultivar). Main phenolic compositions were cyclic spermidine-alkaloid, kaempferol, feruloyl choline, and sinapine. Sinapine was predominant compound among all the samples ranged from 29.74 to 52.24 mg/g DW (mean 79% of total phenolic contents). This study provided the information for the variation of phenolic compounds between the varieties of rapeseeds and the cultivation periods. Furthermore, this information can be developed for bio-energy industry as a reducer of the cost of the bio-energy products.

The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of glucosinolates (GSL) in kale at various development stages. Kale varieties 'Manchoo Collard' and 'TBC' were cultivated from 20 February 2012 to 3 July 2013 in the greenhouse at Chungnam National University. During the cultivation periods, samples were harvested at 35, 63, 91, 105, 119, and 133 days after sowing (DAS) and the amount of GSL quantified by HPLC. Ten types of GSL (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucoiberverin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, and neoglucobrassicin) were observed in 'TBC', whereas nine types of GSL (the same as above, except glucoiberverin) were identified in 'Manchoo Collard'. The amount of total GSL in 'Manchoo Collard' was comparatively higher at 133 DAS (mean 8.64 μmol･g ) and lower at 35 DAS (0.31 μmol･g -1 dry weight, DW). Sinigrin was the most abundant GSL (57% of total GSL) in 'Manchoo Collard' at 133 DAS and was also highest (44%) in 'TBC' at 91 DAS. Together, progoitrin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin, the precursor of crambene, allylisothiocyanate, indol-3-cabinol, and phenethylisothiocyanate accounted for 94 and 78% of GSL in 'Manchoo Collard' and 'TBC', respectively. Our results demonstrate that the amounts of GSL, which have potential anti-carcinogenic activity, change during development in kale.