Increasing evidence suggests that AR (androgen receptor) acetylation is critical for prostate cancer cell growth. In the present study, we identified Pro-B3 (procyanidin B3) as a specific HAT (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor. Pro-B3 selectively inhibited the activity of HATs, but not other epigenetic enzymes. Pro-B3 substantially inhibited the p300-mediated AR acetylation, both in vitro and in vivo. Pro-B3 inhibited both p300-dependent and agonist-induced AR transcription. We demonstrate that the p300-mediated AR acetylation is critical for the hormone responsiveness of AR. Interestingly, B3 treatment efficiently enhanced the antagonist activity of flutamide through suppression of p300 HAT activity, demonstrating that relative p300 activity is critical for the antagonist action. Finally, Pro-B3 treatment inhibited acetylation-dependent prostate cell proliferation and expression of cell-cycle control genes, subsequently increasing cell death, indicating the functional importance of AR acetylation for prostate cancer cell growth.

The objective of this study is to fabricate an electrode by frictional sliding caused by a rough paper surface. The pressure exerted during drawing induces adsorption of the graphite particles by the rough paper and simultaneously reduces the surface roughness of the paper electrode. Repetitive drawing in one-way direction reduced the roughness of the paper surface, decreasing the grain boundaries of graphite. This increases the electron pathway at the electrode, thus reducing the resistance to less than 50 Ω. At the same time, repetitive drawing could confirm that unstable errors caused by the hand could help converge within a certain margin of error. We quantified the relationship between pressure and resistance when drawing on the electrode using a pencil hardness tester. In addition, the electrodes formed by repeated drawing generated a new surface grain and boundary, parallel to the drawing direction, and changed the electrode characteristics with respect to the drawing direction. The grain boundary difference based on the drawing direction was measured via a heating test of the foldable device, a sound pressure level, and laser scattering vibrometer measurements of a linear speaker. The fabricated graphite electrodes can be used in disposable foldable paper electronics because they are prepared using inexpensive materials.

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temperature or with heating at less than 60 °C for 1 h. This is not only one of the important conditions for determining the degree of aggregation of silver, but also for controlling the binding energy of silver or the density of silver that would be higher at the bottom. [18,19] We can also transfer print from the receiver to the adhesive tape, which results in a quasicrystal morphology (R a = nanoscale) with truly excellent flexibility and durability. [8][9][10]21,22] With this approach, we can fabricate flexible tiled circuits, water-proof light emitting diodes (LEDs) without any additional restricting condition, and this transferred electrode would be freestanding, attached to various uneven interface operated LEDs. A merit of this method is that, without adaptive printing on the 3D circuits, we can apply the electrodes on 3D structures by using the projected electrodes.Furthermore, these electrodes are connected to each other to produce long-ranged line pattern arrays, and the soldering disconnection of a wire can be achieved with the nonpatterned residue of the adhesive region.Based on this study, e-NDP can be considered as a new method, which is different from the existing EHD method that needs the condition of a nozzle-to-substrate distance of less than 500 µm for the near-field electrospinning jet. In the existing EHD method, only the Si wafer and the glass substrate through which charged electrons can be transferred to the ground and only their parts in which the solution is aligned after taylorcone formation at the nozzle tip have been used. [11][12][13]15,16,20] We propose a patterning mechanism that offers a closer nozzleto-substrate distance than conventional EHD printing operating at less than 100 µm to easily charge the electron moving nozzle with ground (GNR) in spite of using an insulated PET substrate (Figure 1a,b, inset). This method can be used to fabricate a silver micropatterned electrode that can be printed in ≈4 s (20 mm s −1 is the optimized speed for formation of the electrode) with a 70 mm parallel line pattern. This electrode resolution was controlled by increasing the printing speed ( Figure S1a,b, Supporting Information). Figure 1 shows a schematic to fabricate a silver micropatterned electrode using the e-NDP process. The first step is to pattern a silver trace after printing the e-NDP solution on a PET substrate coated with silver trifluoroacetate (STA) (18 wt%) dissolved in volatile tetrahydrofuran (THF). The second step is to reduce the silver trace pattern using a hydrazine monohydrate solution with ethyl alcohol (30 wt%). This solution is overpatterned on the position of the silver trace at a low temperature of 60 °C for 1 h. As the experimental equipment has a function of automatically performing overpatterning, misalignment could not occur during same-trace-position printing.Pattern formation is a complex technology that has resulted from a collaborative effort by researchers in chemistry and industrial processing. Bath processing has been implemented by a myriad of organiza...

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