ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess and compare the levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the crevicular fluid around healthy implants, implants with peri-implantitis, and healthy teeth.Materials and MethodsThis study evaluated 16 dental implants in 8 patients (4 males and 4 females). These patients had at least one healthy implant and one implant with peri-implantitis next to healthy teeth. The crevicular fluid was collected using absorbent cones and transferred to the laboratory. Specimens were evaluated by ELISA for interleukin levels. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (P<0.05).ResultsLevels of IL-1β in the crevicular fluid around implants with peri-implantitis were significantly higher than around healthy implants (P=0.002); the latter was significantly higher than around healthy teeth (P=0.015). A significant difference was found in the level of IL-6 in the crevicular fluid around implants with peri-implantitis and healthy implants (P=0.049) and also between implants with peri-implantitis and healthy teeth (P<0.001).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, significant differences exist in the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the crevicular fluid of implants with peri-implantitis, healthy implants, and healthy teeth. More studies with larger sample sizes in different populations are necessary.

Free gingival grafting, the most predictable technique to increase the keratinized gingiva, leaves an open wound on the palate and the resulting discomfort during the healing phase is a significant concern. This study was intended to evaluate the effect of topical erythropoietin on healing of the donor site. Twelve patients lacking an attached gingiva at two sites in the mandible were included. In the test group, 1 mL of gel containing erythropoietin at a concentration of 4,000 IU mL-1 was applied to the donor site, whereas the control group was treated with 2 mL of the gel alone. On the second day after surgery, the same procedure was repeated. H2O2 was used to evaluate the amount of epithelialization. Clinical healing was compared using photographs and direct examination. The EPO group showed significantly better keratinization only on day 21. Comparison of clinical healing based on direct examination revealed significantly better healing in the test group on day 28. Furthermore, inflammation in the test group was lower than in the control group on the same day. Topical application of EPO improves palatal wound healing during the third and fourth weeks after free gingival graft procedures.

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Background The purpose of periodontal treatments is to reduce inflammation, restore gingival health and clinical attachment level gain by controlling microbial plaque formation and other etiological factors. One of the drugs that has been tested in many areas and shown good anti-inflammatory properties is erythropoietin (EPO). We evaluated the effect of this drug on the improvement of periodontitis after the phase I treatment. Methods This study was conducted on 30 patients with stage III periodontitis who had at least two bilateral teeth with CAL of ≥ 5 mm and PPD ≥ 6 mm at ≥ 2 non‐adjacent teeth and bleeding on probing. After oral hygiene instruction and scaling and root planning (SRP), EPO gel containing a solution of 4000 units was applied deeply in the test group and placebo gel was deeply administered in the control pockets (5 times, every other day). The clinical parameters of the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) were measured at baseline and after three months of follow up. The P-value was set at 0.05. Results All clinical variables improved after treatment in both groups. The BI and GI scores (which reflects the degree of gingival inflammation) showed statistically more reduction in test group. The CAL decreased from 5.1 ± 4.1 to 3.40 ± 2.71 mm; and 5.67 ± 4.32 to 4.33 ± 3.19 mm in test and control group, respectively (P < 0.00). After the treatment, there was a significant greater reduction in CAL and also PD values in test group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Local application of EPO gel in adjunct to SRP can improve clinical inflammation and CAL gain in periodontitis. Trial registration: This study was registered at 2017-11-06 in IRCT. All procedures performed in this study were approved with ID number of IR.TUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1396.3139 in Tehran University of medical science.