Background At the end of December 2019, a novel respiratory infection, initially reported in China, known as COVID‐19 initially reported in China, and later known as COVID‐19, led to a global pandemic. Despite many studies reporting respiratory infections as the primary manifestations of this illness, an increasing number of investigations have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID‐19. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CNS presentations in COVID‐19 patients in an attempt to identify the common CNS features and provide a better overview to tackle this new pandemic. Methods In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Included studies were publications that reported the CNS features between 1 January 2020 and 20 April 2020. The data of selected studies were screened and extracted independently by four reviewers. Extracted data analyzed by using STATA statistical software. The study protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020184456). Results Of 2,353 retrieved studies, we selected 64 studies with 11,687 patients after screening. Most of the studies were conducted in China (58 studies). The most common CNS symptom of COVID‐19 was headache (8.69%, 95%CI: 6.76%–10.82%), dizziness (5.94%, 95%CI: 3.66%–8.22%), and impaired consciousness (1.90%, 95%CI: 1.0%–2.79%). Conclusions The growing number of studies has reported COVID‐19, CNS presentations as remarkable manifestations that happen. Hence, understanding the CNS characteristics of COVID‐19 can help us for better diagnosis and ultimately prevention of worse outcomes.

Background: At the end of December 2019, a novel respiratory infection, initially reported in China, known as COVID-19 initially reported in China, and later known as COVID-19, led to a global pandemic. Despite many studies reporting respiratory infections as the primary manifestations of this illness, an increasing number of investigations have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CNS presentations in COVID-19 patients in an attempt to identify the common CNS features and provide a better overview to tackle this new pandemic. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Included studies were publications that reported the CNS features between January 1st, 2020, to April 20th, 2020. The data of selected studies were screened and extracted independently by four reviewers. Extracted data analyzed by using STATA statistical software. The study protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020184456). Results: Of 2353 retrieved studies, we selected 64 studies with 11282 patients after screening. Most of the studies were conducted in China (58 studies). The most common CNS symptom of COVID-19 were Headache (8.69%, 95%CI: 6.76%-10.82%), Dizziness (5.94%, 95%CI: 3.66%-8.22%), and Impaired consciousness (1.9%, 95%CI: 1%-2.79%). Conclusions: The growing number of studies have reported COVID-19, CNS presentations as remarkable manifestations that happen. Hence, understanding the CNS characteristics of COVID-19 can help us for better diagnosis and ultimately prevention of worse outcomes.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSRA) has become a frequent cause of serious infections. Extended hospitalization and antibiotic therapy have been identified as additional risk factors for MRSA carrier and infection. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of MRSA infections in the hospitals affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Seventy S. aureus clinical strains were isolated from patients from June 2005 to June 2006 and examined by PCR and conventional microbiological tests. Then, the antibiotic susceptibility to methicillin/oxacillin and other antibiotics were performed by Disc Diffusion Agar (DDA).The results of this study showed that methicillin resistance gene was detected in 35 (50%) and 22 (31.4%) cases by PCR and DDA, respectively. The results of antibiotic susceptibility assays also showed there were high resistance MRSA strains to penicillin (100%), cloxacillin (91.4%), tetracycline (74.2%), cotrimoxazole (68.5%), erythromycin (68.5%) and less resistance to rifampin (11.4). Two MRSA also had decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. But the strains of Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) showed high sensitivity to all antibiotics profiles except to penicillin (complete resistance). As a conclusion, the resistance to methicillin/oxacillin of S. aureus in Hamedan hospitals has reached to 50% and they show multidrug resistance.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare and self-limiting benign disease. 1 KFD is mostly seen in young adults before the age of 30 years with a female predominance, 2 but in children, it is more common in boys. 1 KFD is typically characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, and skin rash. 3 The etiology of KFD is still unknown, and it can lead to misdiagnosis with other diseases, including lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, or hematological disorders. 4 Although supportive therapy is usually enough for management of KFD, 2 the misdiagnosis can impose patients to unnecessary diagnostic procedures and treatments. In this study, we present a case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease that was also positive for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Background. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent gastric pathogens, causing gastric dysfunction, ulceration and, eventually, cancer. Antibiotic resistance, a rapidly growing problem, may interfere with the success of eradication therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-H. pylori effect of crude extracts derived from dill, fennel, caraway and cinnamon, all of which are common dietary additives in Iran. Design. In vitro bactericidal measures. Methods. The sensitivity of H. pylori isolates from gastric fluids to herbal extracts was evaluated using two standard ex vivo techniques. Results. The results showed that dill extract had the greatest antibacterial activity. Flow cytometric analysis of bacterial viability, however, demonstrated bacteriostatic properties of all test extracts. Conclusion. The possible synergistic effects of different dietary combinations of these extracts may be a factor in the possible protection afforded by the traditional Iranian diet against H. pylori infection. We concluded that these extracts might be useful as dietary supplements, at least, to complement and expedite current treatments.