The current study was conducted to reveal the current states, structural features and primary problems of the sheep raising businesses in the city of Uşak. The study group of the current study is comprised of 429 sheep raising businesses selected through stratified sampling (provinces) and a questionnaire consisted of 112 items was administered to these businesses. Through the items in the questionnaire, data were collected about the general features of the businesses and their owners, the state of grazing lands, mating of sheep, birth, milking, clipping, health protection, marketing of animals and the states of tools and equipments in the businesses. The findings of the study have revealed that 82.2% of the owners of the sheep raising businesses are elementary school graduates, their average time of being involved in the activity of sheep raising is 9.8 years, 90% of their shepherds are from the family members, 23.5% of them practice additional feeding before mating and the most preferred method for mating is free insemination with 89%. Of the owners of the businesses, 81.1% learned sheep raising from their elders; for 54% of them sheep raising is the sole source of income and 25.6% of them are engaged in sheep raising to support their families. The main problems of the sheep raisers were found to be the high cost of feed, the low prices paid for their products, inadequate and poor quality grazing lands and animal diseases. In order to make sheep raising more attractive, the prices of the products should be increased, grazing lands should be improved, the genetic structure of the herd should be enhanced, the amount of land area where feed crops are cultivated should be extended and suitable credit conditions should be provided. On the other hand, they need to be informed about sheep mating, lamb growing, stock, milking hygiene, general sheep feeding practices and marketing.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the organizational structure, current state and problems of the dairy cattle breeding enterprises in the province of Uşak and to develop solutions to these problems according to the number of cattle they have. In the study, a questionnaire consisting of 95 questions was applied to 165 enterprises owners selected by multi-stage random sampling method and the obtained data were evaluated with the help of SPSS program package. Enterprises are grouped by animal assets; the enterprises having 1-9 heads cattle were classified as the first group, the enterprises having 10-20 heads cattle were classified as the second group and the enterprises having 21 heads and more cattle were classified as the third group. It was found that the daily milk yield varies significantly among the groups. It was determined that 16.80 kg/day in the 1st group, 19.50 kg/day in the 2nd group and 22.60 kg/day milk yield was obtained in the 3rd group. It was determined that many activities and parameters related cattle production in the 3rd group are highly good. However, it was determined that the main problems experienced particularly in small-scale enterprises are the supply of concentrate feed and coarse fodder, high cost of basic inputs such as feed and failure in marketing the produced products at a value price. It can be suggested that if the feed intake is supplied within the organization and the produced products are directly marketed, then these problems can be alleviated. It has been determined that dairy cattle businesses, which are mostly small scale family type enterprises in Uşak province, should be developed to large scale commercial enterprises where intensive production is carried out by providing various incentives and support.

In the present study, it is aimed to determine the current state of the goat raising businesses operating in the city of Uşak and in its provinces, their problems and to come up with suggestions for solutions to these problems. In the current study, as the sampling of the study, 132 goat-raising businesses were selected by means of stratified random sampling method and they were administered a questionnaire consisted of 83 questions. The data obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires have revealed that high majority of the goat-raisers are elementary school graduates (86.4%) and they generally raise Hair goat (89.4%). Moreover, it has also been determined that for the mating of goats, male goats are brought into the herd in September and October and this mating process occurs in the form of free insemination, the age for female goats to be used as stock is 15-18 months old, additional feeding and synchronization are not generally practiced and weaning of baby goats occurs when they are 3-4 months old. Births are usually given in February-March and milking also starts in this period and lasts 6 months on average, the lactation milk yield is 60-80 liters, milking is performed once a day with hand and the produced milk is mostly used in cheese production. Moreover, in goat raising, transhumance is not a common practice and high majority of the breeders apply regular protective vaccines. As in many other regions, many problems such as high feed prices, the difficulty in finding a shepherd and price fluctuations force goat breeders to quit. For goat raising to be sustainable, technical and economic supports given to breeders should continue and improve. If the feed can be supplied with the internal resources of the businesses and if their products can be marketed directly without using intermediaries then some of the problems can be alleviated. Putting greater emphasis on this issue and developing incentive policies will make contributions to goat raising. As a result of the present study, it was concluded that developing goat raising businesses operating mostly as small-scale family businesses in the city of Uşak to large-scale businesses where intensive production is made by providing the necessary incentives and subsides is of great importance.

ÖzÜlkemizdeki işyerlerinde, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili birtakım kanun ve yönetmeliklerde iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik hükümler yer almış ve 30 Haziran 2012'de 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu yayınlanarak yürürlüğe girmiştir.Koruma ve önleme anlayışı üzerine odaklanan yasa, iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının ortaya çıkmadan gerekli önlemlerin alınmasını sağlamaya yöneliktir. Tarım işleri, çeşitli sağlık sorunlarını beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Tarım çalışanları; kanser, solunum hastalıkları, yaralanmalar ve kazalar konusunda önemli risklerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Çalışma ortamı; havadan, araziden, ateşten ve makinelerden kaynaklanan ''fiziksel tehlikeleri", pestisit, gübre ve yakıttan kaynaklanan "toksikolojik tehlikeleri" ve Occupational Health And Safety in Livestock AbstractIn work places in Turkey, on a set of laws and regulations related to occupational health and safety, provisions have taken place to ensure occupational health and safety and the Occupational Health and Safety Act No. 6331 was came into force and published on 30 June, 2012. The law that focuses on protection and prevention approach is aimed at taking necessary precautions before the occupational accidents and vocational diseases occur. Agricultural work can bring a variety of health problems. Agricultural workers are faced with risks of cancer, respiratory diseases, injuries and accidents. Working environment hosts "physical hazards" that derive from air, land, fire and machines; "toxicological hazards" derive from pesticide, fertilizer and fuel; dangers derive from dust. Women, children, young workers, the disabled, the elderly are regarded as risk groups in working life. To the people in livestock business care should be given according to the work they do. In the Notification of Workplace Hazard Classes Related to Occupational Health and Safety, dated 26 December, 2012 of Ministry of Labour and Social Security, the work places that raise cattle that are milked and raising sheep, goat and poultry are classified in "dangerous" work places in terms of animal production.Also, employees in beekeeping activities and silkworm breeding take place in the risk group in terms of occupational health and safety. People should be informed about the importance of animal waste in the work area and especially in closed spaces, and prevention of poisonous gas spreading from fertilizer waste. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment against the zoonosis should be emphasized and employees should be given first-aid training against physical traumatic risks that may occur during the cleaning of the animal shelter, animal care and during transportation of animals.

Organic animal breeding means the production of certified animal products by considering the well-being of animals without damaging the environment and without using any pesticide in a controlled manner. All aquaculture activities other than organic farming can be defined as conventional farming. Organic animal production has increased significantly annually over the past decade in the world. Dairy cattle production is examined with particular focus on the possibilities of improving the sustainability of ruminant systems and on the possible role of organic production to meet the demand of sustainability. Organic dairy cattle production can improve animal welfare, protect the environment and sustain rewarding rural life styles. Future of organic dairy cattle production will have to rely on continuous search for alternatives in nutrition, disease prevention and control that are environmentally friendly. Understanding organic dairy cattle farming from economic, ecological and animal welfare perspectives will increase the likelihood of success. In the current study, besides the basic principles of organic dairy cattle breeding that is a quite popular branch of business in recent years, the current state, weaknesses and strengths of organic dairy cattle breeding both in Turkey and the world and how organic dairy cattle breeding can be developed are discussed.