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In the present work, an electrochemical nucleic acid biosensor has been designed for the purpose of detection of miR-122 in real samples, i.e cell lysates. The fabrication of the biosensor has been done first by immobilization of complemantary anti-miR-122 to the surfaces of the graphene (GRP) modified pencil graphite (PGEs) electrodes then solid phase hybridization with either synthetic miR-122 or miR-122 included in total RNA isolated from HUH-7 cell line. The characterization of GRP modification onto the PGE surface has been proved via Raman spectroscopy analysis, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The intrinsic guanine oxidation signal measured via DPV and the charge transfer resistance, Rct values recorded via electrochemical circle fit option of EIS have been used for hybridization detection. The proposed biosensor with the limit of detection (LOD) 1 pmol is applicable for analysis of certain miRNAs as well as miR-122 from total RNAs isolated from cell lysates.

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Clays attract attention as a nano size material to reinforce the polymers and resins. In this study, montmorillonite clay was modified using industrial solvents that are used in the paint industry. It was shown that the water contact angle could be varied from 20˚ to 140˚ which is a real influence for the clay mineral. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that planar basal space could be altered significantly from 12.57 to 15.40 nm showing 22.5% increase in the interlayer spacing and that is really critical for many polymers and coating applications. This study will highlight many new clay nanocomposites and the formation of various clay nanocomposites.

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