of protein metabolism was urea excretion carbamide)in 42.1% of children, leukopenia was recorded in 17.5% of children and lymphopenia in 7%.In Table 1, we have reflected the distribution of age groups according to the level of their physical development.Children of the age 3 or elder(28 children) underwent impedance measurements, which confirmed the deficit of lean mass in 89%(25)children, fat mass in 89%(25).Visceral protein:hypoalbuminemia in 12.3%, deficiency of protein metabolism was confirmed(by urea excretion carbamide)in 42.1% of children, leukopenia was recorded in 17.5% of children and lymphopenia in 7%.Comprehensive examination revealed iron deficiency anemia:low haemoglobin levels in 12.3% of people, serum iron in 8.8% of them.Vit.D deficiency was diagnosed in 22.8% of children, with a critically low level-in 7%;more often in overweight children(Spearman(Sp.) r¼-0.329;p<0.01) Conclusion: Stagnation PD was found in 64.9%(37)children,young children were more pronounced(Sp. r¼-0,513,p<0,01).Lymphopenia was detected in children with growth retardation more often(Sp. r¼0.260,p<0.05).Body weight deficiency-in 63.2%(36)young children were more pronounced(Sp. r¼-0,660;p<0,01).Malnutrition was in 47.4% of children, low values of the visceral protein pool in 12.3%.Impedance analysis confirmed the deficiency of both protein and fat metabolism in 89% of children,thus confirming it to be a more accurate method for assessing NS. Vit.D deficiency was diagnosed in 22.8% of children, more often in overweight children(Sp. r¼-0.329;p<0.01).The most allergenic proteins in children of Russia are cows milk protein in 40% of cases,gluten in 35%,chicken eggs in 25%,fish and seafood in 18%;fructose intolerance in 12% and lactose in 2% Disclosure of Interest: None declared.

In low pressure furnaces with oil quenching it is possible to vary the pressure above the quench tank. By regulating the pressure above the tank the pressure inside the bath will be influenced which can affect the cooling characteristics of the oil compared to atmospheric pressure. It has been reported that the length of the vapour phase as well as the boiling phase will be influenced, thus also influencing the distortions [1–3]. An increased pressure in the oil results in a shorter vapour phase. Depending on component geometry and fixturing of the parts during quenching, the presence and behavior of the vapour film will affect distortions of the parts. The possibility to adjust the pressure above the oil bath during quenching introduces a new parameter for adjustment and control of the cooling process.In order to investigate this phenomenon experiments were conducted in a low pressure furnace with an integrated oil bath. The pressure above the bath could be set between 0.4–1.4 bar (absolute pressure). The following were investigated:Cooling curves measured with thermocouples in Inconel probes and gear wheelsDistortion of gear wheels after low pressure carburizingThe cooling curves showed no significant difference in cooling characteristics for the investigated pressures above the quench tank. This is contradictory to reported results. One reason can be the influence of agitation as well as type of oil. The influence of agitation on the oil was studied. Depending on analyzed distortion parameter a small impact of the pressure above the oil tank could be noted. The trend was less distortions with a higher pressure in the quench bath. However, when it comes to differences in cooling characteristics between different positions of the gears in the load, there were great variations.

I. yüzyılın sonlarında keşfedilen ve gerçek anlamda üretimine 1950’lerden sonra başlanan plastikler, 21. yüzyıla gelindiğinde üretilen atıklar bakımından başa çıkılması zor miktarlara ulaşmıştır. Bugün, söz konusu problemle ilgili faaliyet gösteren kuruluşların yürüttüğü çeşitli projeler ve imza kampanyalarının yanında sanat da bu güncel konuya dikkat çekmek üzere kolları sıvamış durumdadır. Konuyla ilgili çalışan sanatçıların bazıları gerçek plastik atıkları ileri dönüştürerek; bazıları ise kendi malzeme ve tekniklerini yaratıcı bir dille ele alarak eserler üretmektedir. Çağdaş seramik sanatçılarının da bu temayla ilgili üretimleri azımsanamayacak noktadadır. Araştırma, sanatın plastik atıkların doğaya verdiği zarar konusuna nasıl yaklaştığıyla ilgilenmekte; konuyla ilgili üretim yapan farklı disiplinlerden sanatçıların eserlerine ve Çağdaş Seramik Sanatı örneklerine yer vermektedir. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, araştırmacı tarafından konuyla ilgili özgün seramik eserler üretilmiş ve eserler, teknikleri ve konuya yaklaşımları bakımından açıklanmıştır. Yapılan hem yazın hem de eser çalışmaları aracılığıyla konuya hem bilimsel hem de sanatsal açıdan yaklaşılması ve dikkat çekilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Results: A total of 76 patients (41% women) were included, mean age 69 y ±12, dry weight 78 kg ±20, BMI 26 ±6.3, n-PCR 0.8 g/kg/d ±0.2. At baseline poor appetite was evident in 24 (32%). A larger proportion of patients with poor appetite were women (p¼0.009). Patients with poor appetite had lower; dry weight (p¼0.009), height (p<0.001), GNRI (p¼0.040), p-albumin (p¼0.003), p-phosphate (p¼0.019), and p-urea (p¼0.030). A weight-loss of >5% over a 3-months period within the study-period was found in 24 (32%) patients. From baseline to the 2years follow-up (n¼52) the average weight change was -1.9 kg ±5.7, p¼0,021, weight-loss was found in 28 (54%). Men (n¼31) had an average weight change of -3.0 kg ±5.6, p¼0.005 whereas women (n¼21) had a weight change of -0.2 kg ±5.6, p¼0.877. We found a significant decrease in GNRI from baseline to 2-years follow-up (96 ±7.2 vs. 90 ±7.3, p<0.001), corresponding to an average change in risk-score from low to moderate. Conclusion:We found an overall weight-loss over time, more so in men than in women, and an increase in nutritional risk over time. Poor appetite was associated with increased nutritional risk and variables related to a depleted nutritional status. Disclosure of Interest: None declared.

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