The province of Fryslân is home to a complex language ecology. The majority language Dutch and the regional language Frisian are the two only official languages in the region, but there is also a strong presence of English as well as an increasing number of migrant languages. Within this context, the province of Fryslân has the responsibility to maintain the Frisian minority language. Improving Frisian's societal position through education may be necessary, as students currently have rather negative attitudes towards Frisian, which decreases motivation and performance. It has been suggested that language awareness approaches that connect the language to society can improve language attitudes and influence language behaviour. One way in which language awareness may be raised, is by using the linguistic landscape (LL). In the current mixed-method study, the affordances of the LL in the Frisian context of minority language education identified by three different stakeholder groups will be explored. Survey data showed that secondary school students indeed held negative attitudes towards Frisian, but that they were also most positive about seeing the language in the LL. Incorporating an experts' viewpoint, interviews showed that both teachers and provincial policymakers identified the potential of LL for the mediation of pupils' language attitudes. All stakeholders therefore believed that while there are some obstacles to overcome, LL-interventions can be a useful way to improve minority language education and the position of the minority language itself. In combining data from all three perspectives, this study offers an in-depth understanding of the interrelation between various stakeholders, their beliefs and how the LL may be useful in a minority language context.

This article discusses how university-level healthcare and welfare course programs in the official bilingual Province of Friesland/Fryslân can best be aligned with healthcare practice regarding the use of Frisian and the inclusion of other forms of multilingualism. 15 interviews with healthcare and welfare professionals confirm previous findings on the significant role of minority languages in the healthcare and welfare sector. When minority languages, such as Frisian, are used the bond between healthcare recipient and care provider is strengthened and the patient is better able to communicate. However, the 9 interviews with lecturers, directors and team leaders of healthcare and welfare programs in Fryslân show that these pay little attention to Frisian and multilingualism in their curriculum. At the same time, it appears that those involved in the teaching understand the importance of addressing communication in Frisian and other languages and recognise that this aspect should be embedded in courses that focus on properly connecting with the personal context of the care recipient. These results will be discussed by providing recommendations for healthcare and welfare programs in higher education on how to incorporate minority languages, in particular, and multilingualism, in general.