Background: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid enlargement has to be investigated to rule out a neoplasm. The main purpose of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is to provide a rational approach for management and determine the correct surgical procedure when surgery is required. Objectives are:(1) To assess the cytologic and morphological features of thyroid swellings by FNA cytology (FNAC), (2) to study the age of occurrence and sex predilection of various thyroid disorders diagnosed by FNAC, and (3) to classify all the thyroid lesions based on The Bethesda System of Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). Methods: In the present study, evaluation of 100 cases of thyroid FNA's was undertaken and interpreted. All thyroid lesions conventionally diagnosed by FNA were classified according to TBSRTC. Results: In the present study, a total of 100 cases of thyroid swellings were analyzed, out of which 84 cases were diagnosed as non-neoplastic lesions, 3 cases as suspicious for malignancy, and 13 cases as neoplastic lesions by FNAC. The results were further classified under TBSRTC. Conclusion: FNAC is a relatively uncomplicated and safe diagnostic method, which is cost-effective. It is a helpful adjunct to pre-operative screening in the diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity having a high malignant potential. Iron deficiency is concomitant with OSMF and is supposedly to be a contributing factor toward dysplastic changes in OSMF. Hence, it is imperative that the iron stores in patients with OSMF is correctly assessed and corrected. The available methods to assess iron stores, namely serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and total iron binding capacity are inconsistent. Hepcidin is an iron regulatory protein which gives hindsight to the physiology of iron metabolism. This article explores the various dimensions of the molecule hepcidin and attempts to establish a link between OSMF and serum hepcidin.

Objective: To find a correlation between glycemic control and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess if good control of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreases the CRP values. Materials and Methods:The study included 50 patients with T2DM whose detailed clinical history and physical examination were done. Evaluation of parameters such as height, weight, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, Hb, total blood count, differential count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood urea, and serum creatinine was done. Urine examination and blood samples were obtained for analysis of CRP, fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. CRP was correlated with HbA1 statistically. Result: The study reveals that levels of CRP and HbA1c were bi-directionally correlated with P < 0.05. Better glycemic control is leading to the reduction in HbA1c also resulted in a decrease in CRP levels (P = 0.000). Conclusion: There exists a strong correlation between HbA1c and CRP in T2DM. Hence, CRP is an additional marker of better glycemic control.

Aim:The aim of the study is to determine the occurrence, radiographic appearance, disparities, features and establishing predominant site, and form of zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD) among the population in Bengaluru. Materials and Methods:The orthopantomographs of 600 dental hospital outpatients were examined to estimate the occurrence and characteristic features of the ZACD. Results: ZACD was evaluated to be present in 16 patients with male predominance. Unilateral (69%) and unilocular appearances (56%) of ZACD were the dominant patterns. Conclusion: It is essential to identify the ZACD before surgical procedures to avoid inadvertent post-surgical complications. Among Indian population, the incidence of ZACD is in accordance with the other supplementary studies performed in other populations worldwide.