Wearable
heaters have garnered significant attention from academia
and industry for their great potential in thermotherapy. Silver nanowire
(AgNW) is a promising conductive material for flexible and stretchable
electrodes. Here, a resistive, biaxially stretchable heater based
on AgNW composite is reported for the first time, where a AgNW percolation
network is encased in a thin polyimide (PI) film and integrated with
a highly stretchable textile. AgNW/PI is patterned with a 2D Kirigami
structure, which enables constant resistance under a large tensile
strain (up to uniaxial 100% strain and 50% biaxial strain). The heater
can achieve a high temperature of ∼140 °C with a low current
of 0.125 A, fast heating and cooling rates of ∼16.5 and ∼14.1
°C s–1, respectively, and stable performance
over 400 heating cycles. A feedback control system is developed to
provide constant heating temperature under a temperature change of
the surrounding environment. Demonstrated applications in applying
thermotherapy at the curvilinear surface of the knee using the stretchable
heater illustrate its promising potential for wearable applications.
Capturing of digital images through Mobile based e-governance applications are growing day-by-day and issue related to protection of copyrights of digital images has become very critical. Protecting these high-volume geo-tagged time stamped digital images captured through android apps and ensuring that these images are suitable for social audit are key challenge for today’s application development. Digital image watermarking is a process by which secret information can be in digital images so that it is possible to guard copyrights. The paper discusses an efficient digital image watermarking system using lifting wavelet transform. The proposed algorithm aims to minimize distortion of selected watermarked image. The performance of the algorithm has been tested using available images with MATLAB and their results have been properly analyzed with existing methods. The variance value between coefficients of lifting wavelet transform (LFT) in a block with size 2 x 2 has been chosen for embedding the binary watermark and the blocks are also then shuffled randomly. The result of various experiments has demonstrated that the developed algorithm is robust against various types of attacks being applied.
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