A double-chambered right ventricle is an uncommon form of congenital heart disease that is characterized by the division of the right ventricle into a proximal high-pressure chamber and a distal low-pressure chamber. A 70-year-old male presented to the emergency room from his outpatient doctor's office with unstable wide complex ventricular tachycardia with right axis deviation. His ventricular tachycardia was terminated using external cardioversion and intravenous amiodarone. He was subsequently found to have new-onset heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction and a right ventricular tract outflow obstruction on transthoracic echocardiography. A diagnosis of the double-chambered right ventricle was made. The patient was offered surgery to fix the anomalous tissue but he refused. He did agree to subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement and was then discharged home.
Materials and Methods:
Functional vascular age in 2000 patients was assessed using cardiac risk profiler (vascular profiler-genesis), over a period of 3 years and 3 months between October 2016 and January 2020. The cardiovascular interpretations generated were used for the measurement of central arterial stiffness. The metabolically healthy groups were compared with the metabolically nonhealthy groups for the relevance of the triple co-association of HbA1c, arterial stiffness, and hypertension in screening the patients in regular standard care. The mean age of the patients was 53 years. Mann–Whitney test was used for the statistical analysis.
Results:
The mean age was 53.3 ± 12 years. HbA1c was <7% and >7% in 530 and 1470 patients, respectively. The lipid profile in comorbid scenario (n = 2000 [M = 1170 and F = 830]) revealed mean LDL-C mg/dL values of< 100, 100–150, >150 in 1380, 520, and 100 patients, respectively. A total of 1000 patients had the duration of diabetes <5 years, 380 patients were between 5 and 10 years, and 620 patients had been diabetic for>10 years, respectively. Arterial stiffness markers-Ankle Brachial Index and Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (CFPWV) were assessed and cluster analyses was performed using the metabolically healthy (HbA1c <7 and aortic augmentation index @ HR75 < 14 and nonhypertensive n = 50) as compared to the metabolically unhealthy cohort (HbA1c >7 and aortic augmentation index @ HR75 > 14 and with known hypertension (n = 230). The difference in the triple co-association of HbA1c (glycemic status), hypertensive status, and arterial stiffness was statistically significant when compared between the metabolically healthy (n = 50) vs. the metabolically nonhealthy cohort all across (n = 230) (P = 0.0457)
Conclusion:
The clustered metabolic marker approach is a tool to identify and stratify patients with diabetes based on the metabolic risk to prevent complications and possibly improve outcomes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.