Abstract. In this paper, we develop a set of data processing algorithms for generating textured facade meshes of cities from a series of vertical 2D surface scans and camera images, obtained by a laser scanner and digital camera while driving on public roads under normal traffic conditions. These processing steps are needed to cope with imperfections and non-idealities inherent in laser scanning systems such as occlusions and reflections from glass surfaces. The data is divided into easy-to-handle quasi-linear segments corresponding to approximately straight driving direction and sequential topological order of vertical laser scans; each segment is then transformed into a depth image. Dominant building structures are detected in the depth images, and points are classified into foreground and background layers. Large holes in the background layer, caused by occlusion from foreground layer objects, are filled in by planar or horizontal interpolation. The depth image is further processed by removing isolated points and filling remaining small holes. The foreground objects also leave holes in the texture of building facades, which are filled by horizontal and vertical interpolation in low frequency regions, or by a copy-paste method otherwise. We apply the above steps to a large set of data of downtown Berkeley with several million 3D points, in order to obtain texture-mapped 3D models.

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Melatonin is widely used for sleep disorders in patients with a range of developmental disorders and neurodisabilities, who also frequently have epilepsy. The aim of our review was to examine published data to assess the evidence for melatonin affecting seizure control. The literature search revealed 26 papers apparently reporting an association between melatonin and epilepsy or seizures but seven of these did not provide relevant information. Of the three double-blind, randomised, controlled trials, two showed no overall worsening or improvement in seizures, and one recent trial reported a statistically significant reduction in seizures. The open studies reported conflicting results. The few studies on the effect of seizures on melatonin levels have reported that baseline melatonin levels may be low in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and that levels increase markedly following seizures. The striking finding of this review is the paucity of relevant data from the remarkably small number of studies. These results allow no firm conclusions to be drawn, although it would seem reasonable to observe that there was no marked overall effect on seizures, neither improvement nor worsening. There is a need for large, well designed, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to establish the role of melatonin in either predisposing to or decreasing the likelihood of seizures.

Axillary levels I and II (lower axilla) receive substantial amount of incidental radiation doses with all the three techniques; however, conformal techniques (IMRT, 3DCRT) deliver significantly lesser incidental radiation to lower axilla than ST technique.