These contemporary data suggest isolated ePFRs and ePFR + eFPRs are associated with good and comparable early limb salvage rates.

The radial or femoral route is commonly used to access the coronary circulation for diagnostic coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention. The radial route has been shown to be superior to the femoral route due to lower procedural costs, quicker recovery times and early discharge from hospital. Furthermore it is beneficial for patients who have back problems and are unable to lie flat for prolonged periods of time which is often the case with the femoral route. Several studies have highlighted lower vascular access complications and bleeding events from the radial route. Bleeding in itself is associated with adverse outcomes therefore by electing to perform coronary procedures by the radial route avoids such complications.

Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP) is a rare syndrome of ineffectual gut motility associated with clinical, endoscopic and radiological exclusion of mechanical causes, as well as evidence of air-fluid levels in distended bowel loops. A case of small bowel volvulus in a patient with an established diagnosis of CIIP is presented. The case is illustrated by images of operative findings and computed tomography scan reconstruction, showing the classical appearances of small bowel volvulus. The patient recovered well after surgery and is maintained on parenteral nutrition. CIIP is a heterogeneous disorder in which the primary aims of management are nutrition, pain control and the avoidance of unnecessary repeated laparotomies. However, even in the presence of an established diagnosis of CIIP, surgeons should be vigilant to the possibility that an operable mechanical obstruction may still occur.