Introduction: Neonatal and child morbidity is a threat to socio-economic and health progress in sub-Saharan Africa. In paediatric in-patient practice, knowledge of morbidity is important for health care personnel to ensure optimal patient management. The frequency of these pathologies varies between countries. Objective: The objective of our study was to identify the main morbidities in children hospitalised in the paediatric ward of the commune II health centre. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study from 1 January to 31 December 2017. We included all children aged 01 month to 15 years hospitalized in the pediatric ward. The study included 418 children aged 0 to 15 years hospitalised in the department during the study period. Results: Children aged 0 to 5 years were the most represented 89.4% with a majority in the 0 to 1 month age group (39%). Males were the most represented with 58%, i.e. a M/F sex ratio of 1.4. ). The children's mothers were not in school in 78% of cases and were housewives in 70%, and 95% of the parents were married. Socioeconomic status was very low in 34% of families. The patients consulted after 1 to 2 days in 47.1% of cases. Admission to the service was direct in 84% and hospitalisation was more frequent between July and November in 66.3%. The reasons for hospitalization of children were dominated by fever 39% followed by respiratory difficulties 29% and convulsions 10%. Malaria was the first cause of hospitalization with 30%.

Anemia among children remains a critical public health issue whether in industrialized or developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of severe anemia among children in the 6-59 months age group hospitalized at the CRENI of the Aguié district hospital. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a 12-month period on 240 severely malnourished children hospitalized with severe anemia. Our study showed that 240 children had severe anemia, that is to say a prevalence of 10.30%, which was more frequent among children under 24 months of age. Severe anemia was associated with malaria in 74.16% and occurred more in the last quarter of the year, that is to say 81%. We had a successful treatment rate of 92.5% and 7.5% of deaths. There is a pressing need to strengthen the community approach on nutritional advice and early attendance at healthcare facilities to avoid worsening of diseases among children.

Introduction: The aim of our work was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of severe malaria in children hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the CSRéf commune II of the district of Bamako in Mali. Materials and methods: We conducted a 12-month prospective study from January to December 2017. It took place in the paediatric service of the CSRéf of the commune II of the district of Bamako. Results: The study involved 70 children hospitalised out of 418 in the paediatric ward. The prevalence of severe malaria was 16.7%. The age group of children aged 36-59 months was the most affected with 58.6% with a sex ratio of 1.12 in favour of boys. The reasons for consultation were dominated by fever (43%). The neurological form was the most frequent with 71.4% followed by the anaemic form with 21.4%. Injectable artesunate waś used as first line in 110 patients or 87%. The average duration of hospitalisation was 3.8 days. The evolution waś favourable 97% of patients and 3% death. Conclusion: Malaria remains a public health problem due to its frequency and severity in children.

Introduction - The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis remains a challenge because sickle cell disease can result in various rheumatological manifestations, including joint and bone pain. The concomitant presence of rheumatoid arthritis and sickle cell disease makes the therapeutic management of both conditions problematic. Observation - A 24-year-old man, a nurse by profession, has been followed for 10 years for homozygous sickle cell disease at the Sickle Cell Disease Research Center (CRLD) of Bamako, Mali. He has presented for 8 months symmetrical polyarthritis with morning stiffness of 3 hours, distinct from the usual vaso-occlusive crisis. The Analog Visual Scale was estimated at 80/100. He reported unquantified weight loss and asthenia. The physical examination showed a deformity in bilateral ulnar deviation, flexion of the right elbow, twelve painful joints, and five swollen joints. Normochromic normocytic anemia (hemoglobin 8.3g/dl), inflammatory syndrome with C - Reactive Protein (CRP) 130.91 mg, and Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 72mm at the first hour were noted. Rheumatoid Factor was weakly positive at 21.3 IU and Anti Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies at 385.2 IU. The radiography discovered bilateral erosive carpets without associated tarsitis and osteonecrosis of both femoral heads. The diagnosis of a very active immunopositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis meeting the criteria of ACR / EULAR 2010 was retained. A treatment based on prednisone 10 mg per day was initiated, associated with methotrexate at a dosage of 15 mg weekly in single-dose, folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D. Conclusion - The coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis in sickle cell patients makes the diagnosis of polyarthritis difficult.

Introduction: In 2016, tuberculosis (TB) was the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent (WHO Tuberculosis Report, African Region 2016). At Mali's last census, carried out in 2009, the country's resident or legal population stood at 14,528,662, with an annual growth rate of 3.6% since 2009. The District of Bamako accounts for more than half of the urban population, i.e. 55.3% (RGPH 2009, p. 19). Mali is a highly tuberculosis-endemic country, with an estimated incidence of 56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2016 (Incidence of tuberculosis in the world, World Bank link). This means that the country expects to have at least 10,000 cases of tuberculosis (TB) every year. Objective: To carry out active screening for cases of tuberculosis in places of worship in a developing country in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of active screening for TB in religious settings. We carried out systematic sampling in 02 mosques in each health district of the District of Bamako, i.e. a total of 12 mosques over a period of 03 days per commune. During the campaign period, our sample size was 1,092 participants. The campaign was preceded by a social mobilisation session with the faithful of these mosques. Results: Our study included 1,092 participants with a ratio of 1.5 in favour of men, i.e. 60.16%. The age range was 15 to 65 years and over, with the elderly being the most representative. We had 18 positive cases, representing 1.64%, the majority of whom were women (55.56%, 0.8 in favour of women). Among the positive cases, young people were more represented, with an age range of 15-24 years, representing 27.77%. In addition to the positive cases, there were 1,074 chronic coughers with negative bacilloscopy (98.35%).