ResumoEste artigo avaliou o temperamento de bebês que estavam aos cuidados maternos no contexto de cárcere. Participaram da pesquisa seis mães, uma delas, mãe de gêmeas. Todas responderam ao Questionário sobre o Comportamento Infantil -Revisado (IBQ-R) e seus dados foram analisados a partir de estatística descritiva. O resultado principal foram os altos escores em controle com esforço, que permite inferir a possibilidade de afirmar que, no geral, o temperamento apresentado pelas crianças residentes na instituição é descrito como do tipo fácil. Concluiu-se que as formas de desenvolvimento de crianças que passam o primeiro ano de vida acompanhadas das mães dentro do cárcere são de extrema importância na formação do bebê, pois os cuidados proporcionados pela díade mãe-bebê são um dos fatores fundamentais para o desenvolvimento infantil e do temperamento. Palavras-chave: Temperamento; Bebês; Cárcere. Temperament of Babies Residing in the Prison AbstractThis study evaluated the temperament of infants who were under maternal care in the context of jail. Six mothers participated in the research, one of them, a mother of twins. All of them answered the Questionnaire on Child Behavior -Revised (IBQ-R) and their data were analyzed from descriptive statistics. The main result was the high scores on effortful control, which allows to infer the possibility of affirming that in general the temperament presented by the children residing in the institution is described as an easy one. It was concluded that the development of children who spend their first year of life with the mothers inside the jail is extremely important in the formation of the baby, since the care provided by the mother-infant is one of the fundamental factors for the development of children and of temperament.
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