This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License MATERIALS AND METHODS Method A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to explore the factors effecting cognitive impairment and memory loss among diabetes patients in twin cities i.e. Islamabad (Federal Capital) and Rawalpindi (Twin City) of

Uncontrolled diabetes for prolong period results in cognitive decline and memory loss. Decline in effectiveness of processing resources, thinking ability and to recall objects is thought to be a result of mismanagement of diabetes. Early identification of cognitive impairment (CI) and memory loss allows for timely prevention and better prognosis for patients and their caretakers.The aim of this study is to summarize research findings from developed and developing countries as well as from Pakistan regarding cognitive impairment and memory loss in diabetes mellitus. A total of 58 studies were reviewed regarding cognitive impairment and memory loss among diabetics. The review concluded that for successful management of diabetes, it is important to identify the degree of cognitive impairment and memory loss in patients. Regular screening for cognitive impairment among diabetes patients must be conducted in order to provide optimal patient care.