Most children who present with hypertensive crisis have a secondary cause for hypertension. This study describes the epidemiology and management of children with hypertensive crisis. A retrospective cohort study was done in a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2009 to 2015. Thirty-seven patients were treated for hypertensive crisis. Twelve (32.4%) patients were treated for hypertensive emergency. The majority of our patients (33 [89.1%]) had a secondary cause of hypertension. The most common identifiable cause of hypertension was a renal pathology (18/37 [48.6%]). Oral nifedipine (23 [62.1%]) was the most frequently used antihypertensive, followed by intravenous labetalol (8 [21.6%]). There were no mortalities or morbidities. Hypertensive crisis in children is likely secondary in nature. Oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol are both effective treatments.

Posterior mediastinal mass is not an uncommon condition seen in clinical practice. It often generates anxiety among healthcare providers, as the most common cause of a posterior mediastinal mass is a neurogenic tumour which potentially can be malignant and carries serious consequences. A very rare but generally benign cause of such a mass is an intrathoracic ectopic kidney. Due to its rarity, literature on the intrathoracic kidney, its management, prognosis and complications is sparse and confined to case reports. We report a rare case of a twomonth old baby who had a chest x-ray done for a prolonged cough and was found to have a posterior mediastinal mass, which was later diagnosed to be an intrathoracic ectopic kidney. The approach to mediastinal mass and literature review of an intrathoracic ectopic kidney and its complications are also discussed.

APRT deficiency should be considered in patients with multiple radiolucent renal calculi.