The unique properties and atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) materials enable smaller and better nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel functionalities. During the last decade, many studies have successfully shown the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in pressure sensors, microphones, accelerometers, and mass and gas sensors. In this review, we explain the different sensing concepts and give an overview of the relevant material properties, fabrication routes, and device operation principles. Finally, we discuss sensor readout and integration methods and provide comparisons against the state of the art to show both the challenges and promises of 2D material-based nanoelectromechanical sensing.

Boomerang catalysis: A catalyst catch–release system is established by the noncovalent attachment of a Pd N‐heterocyclic carbene complex to graphene‐coated magnetic Co nanoparticles. The immobilization by pyrene tags (see scheme; blue) is reversible at elevated temperatures, releasing the homogeneous catalyst. The hydroxycarbonylation of aryl halides is performed in 16 iterative reactions with this highly active catalyst.

Background: Neutrophil activation is strongly related to organ dysfunction that occurs during systemic inflammatory responses. The aim of our study was to analyze the oxidative burst response in correlation to the up-and downregulation of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) receptors and the surface antigens CD11b, CD62L, and CD66b as potential surrogate markers of the degree of neutrophil priming for an increased oxidative burst response induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Methods: Blood was taken from healthy donors. Neutrophils were pretreated with cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1␤, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], and tumor necrosis factor ␣ [TNF␣]; 0.01-10 ng/ml) and stimulated with fMLP (100 nM) in vitro. Functional and phenotypical parameters were quantified flow cytometrically. Results: The oxidative burst response increased after priming with 0.1 ng/ml TNF␣, 1 ng/ml GM-CSF, or 10

Graphene is a promising candidate for future electronic devices because of its outstanding electronic and mechanical properties. The high charge carrier mobility in graphene, particularly in substrate-free suspended form, suggests applications as Hall effect sensors. In addition, graphene membranes are highly desirable as pressure sensors or microphones. Here, suitable integration processes for freestanding graphene devices with standard CMOS processes are demonstrated. We propose a process flow for graphene membrane-based Hall sensors and microphones that is CMOS back end of the line compatible. The Hall sensors show mobilities up to 11900 cm2 V–1 s–1, which are higher than in germanium- and GaAs-based Hall sensors. Graphene-based microphones are resonance-free for frequencies up to 700 kHz, i.e., in the acoustic wave region, which is a unique advantage over conventional microelectromechanical (MEMS) microphones.