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Germination of the holoparasitic angiosperm Boschniakia hookeri differs from the usual pattern among the Orobanchaceae. In most members of the family, the germinating seed develops a radix which establishes contact with the host root; in contrast, in B. hookeri the host root makes contact with the parasite seed, penetrates its testa, and association between host root and parasite embryo tissues is then established inside the testa. The germination and development of the perennial vegetative body, the soma, can be divided into ten stages, with characteristic changes from stage to stage. The first four stages range from the pre-germination through the germination proper, including physical contact between parasite and host root; formation of the soma, through development of the first stem bud, occurs in stages five to ten. The processes for the first six stages occur completely within the testa. The mature soma apparently produces flowers when it reaches a size around 15 mm in diameter and continues to grow. Maximum seems to be around 5040 mm, where dense clusters of 10-12 inflorescences can occur.

Water, sediments, and zooplankton from unproductive Fern Lake were compared with those from highly productive Bay Lake and with data from the literature. In all cases, values from the Fern Lake system were in the lower or lowest range of conductance and concentration values. Consistently higher values were found in the Bay Lake samples. These differences may account partially for the productivity differential between Bay and Fern Lakes, but a major factor may be the difference in the flushing or the retention time of the lakes, as determined by the ratio of total precipitation on the watershed to lake volume. This ratio has been estimated as 26 for Fern Lake and 4.8 for Bay Lake.

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