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Production and conversion of N2O occur simultaneously, with production and conversion being dominant at room and high temperature, respectively.

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The nitrogen (N) cycle in marginal seas, as an important component of global marine biogeochemistry and the Earth's climate system, is dynamic and complicated (Gruber & Galloway, 2008;Voss et al., 2013). Marginal seas receive considerable amounts of human-derived N via atmospheric transport and river input (Jickells et al., 2017); on the other hand, waters in the marginal sea communicate with the open ocean, which substantially affects the nutrient distribution, budget and cycling in its interior (Chen, 2010;Dai et al., 2013;Xu et al., 2018). The impacts of anthropogenic activities and communication with the open ocean have been imprinted into nutrient