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Nearly 30% of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors have depressive symptoms 2-12 months after hospital discharge. We examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms and risk factors for depressive symptoms in 204 patients at their initial evaluation in the Critical Care Recovery Center (CCRC), an ICU survivor clinic based at Eskenazi Hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana. Thirty-two percent (N = 65) of patients had depressive symptoms on initial CCRC visit. For patients who are not on an antidepressant at their initial CCRC visit (N = 135), younger age and lower education level were associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. For patients on an antidepressant at their initial CCRC visit (N = 69), younger age and being African American race were associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. Future studies will need to confirm these findings and examine new approaches to increase access to depression treatment and test new antidepressant regimens for post-ICU depression.

Brain Stimulation is now becoming the preferred approach where pharmacological treatment is ineffective in neurological conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), Tourette Syndrome, Addiction disorder, Depression, and Anxiety. The brain can be stimulated by electrical current, light, and sound energy, invasively or non-invasively. The article comprises of pathophysiology in Parkinson's, current pharmacological modalities used for the treatment (along with limitations), and deep brain stimulation as the last resort. The article also provides a comprehensive analysis of intelligent Deep Brain Stimulation methods (procedure, architecture, and type) from the studies and research conducted in the last five years. Finally, research gaps and associated challenges are discussed.

most common in CAS than in CEA patients (30.7% vs 26.6%, pϭ0.042). Diabetic patients were younger (pϭ0.005) and more frequently had hypertension (pϭ0.015) or coronary disease (pϭ0.019). Perioperative stroke/death rate was 2.3% (36/1568) in non-diabetic vs 2.7% (17/629) in diabetic patients (pϭ0.54); 3.4% in diabetic CEA group and 2.1% in diabetic CAS group. At multivariate analyses diabetes was found predictor of perioperative stroke/death only in CEA group (OR 3.04; 95%CI 1.107-8.362; pϭ0.031) but not in CAS group (pϭ0.45) or in overall patients (pϭ0.38). Six-year survival was 78.4% in diabetic and 82.5% in non-diabetic (pϭ0.15). The 6-year risk of late stroke was similar (5.0%) in diabetic and non diabetic patients. Six-year restenosis estimates were 5% in diabetic and 8% in non-diabetic patients (pϭ0.1). Survival, late stroke and restenosis rates between diabetic and non-diabetic were similar in CAS and CEA groups.Conclusions: Diabetic patients are not at greater risk of perioperative morbidity, mortality and late stroke after CAS.