This paper investigates, in the Brazilian stock market, the effect of hedge accounting on the quality of financial information, on the disclosure of derivative financial instruments, and on the information asymmetry. To measure the quality of accounting information, relevance metrics of accounting information and book earnings informativeness were used. For executing this research, a general sample was obtained through Brazilian companies, non-financial, listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), comprising the 150 companies with highest market value on 01/01/2014. Through the general sample, samples were compiled for applying the econometric models of value relevance, informativeness, disclosure, and information asymmetry. The sample for relevance had 758 companies-years observations within the period from 2008 to 2013; the sample for informativeness had 701 companies-years observations with the period from 2008 to 2013; the sample for disclosure had 100 companies-years observations, within the period from 2011 to 2012; the sample for information asymmetry had 100 companies-years observations, also related to the period from 2011 to 2012. In addition to the econometric models, the propensity score matching method was applied to the analyses of the hedge accounting effect on disclosure and information asymmetry. The evidence found for the influence of hedge accounting indicates a relation: (i) positive and significant concerning accounting information relevance and disclosure of derivatives; (ii) negative and significant for book earnings informativeness. Regarding information asymmetry, although the coefficients showed up as expected, they were not statistically significant.
RESUMOOs retornos anormais para preços de ações observados no mês de janeiro ("efeito janeiro") são uma evidência da previsibilidade dos retornos. Essa anomalia é observada em diversos mercados financeiros ao redor do mundo. Sua principal explicação seria a realização de perdas de capital para reduzir o pagamento de impostos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a existência do "efeito janeiro" em uma análise transversal dos retornos mensais de ações de empresas brasileiras, no período de 1996 a 2013. Trabalhos anteriores que estudaram esse efeito no mercado brasileiro tomaram períodos anteriores a 1996, quando não havia tributação sobre ganhos de capital no Brasil. Na metodologia empregada, são controlados os efeitos de outras anomalias (efeito momento e reversão de curto prazo) que também influenciam a auto-correlação dos retornos, não podendo, por isso, serem omitidas no modelo econométrico. Na análise aqui relatada, o "efeito janeiro" foi identificado, e com maior intensidade quando o retorno negativo em dezembro era maior, consistentemente com a hipótese de gestão tributária dos ganhos de capital. Não foi identificada evidência do "efeito janeiro" na subamostra de empresas que negociam ADRs na NYSE, formada por empresas de maior valor de mercado e mais sujeitas à influência de investidores internacionais.
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