Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial species that requires expressive amounts of nutrients in order to produce satisfactorily. An experiment was conducted using pots, arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates and one plant per plot, in order to evaluate different fertilization recommendations (phosphate fertilizer and cattle manure) based on soil analysis. The treatments consisted of a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, which represented 4 recommendations of organic fertilization [absence of organic fertilization (0 t ha -1 ), recommended dose (4 t ha -1 ), 1.5 times the recommended dose (6 t ha -1 ) and 2 times the recommended dose (8 t ha -1 )] and 4 recommendations of phosphate fertilization [absence of phosphate fertilization (0 kg ha -1 ), recommended dose (90 kg ha -1 ), 1.5 times the recommended dose (135 kg ha -1 ) and 2 times the recommended dose (180 kg ha -1 ). One hundred and eighty days after seedlings were transplanted to the pots, growth variables and production components were measured. Plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf area, number of inflorescences, number of fruits, number of bunches, number of fruits per bunch, mass of fruits, number of seeds per fruit, number of seeds per plant and total mass of seeds per plant were influenced by the fertilization recommendations. The recommendation of organic and phosphate fertilization suggested by the laboratory of soil analysis (4 t ha -1 of organic matter and 90 kg ha -1 of phosphorus) was insufficient to obtain productive plants. The isolated use of organic matter in fertilization of jatropha promotes positive effects on growth variables and production components. The application of 1.5 the dose of organic matter recommended by the laboratory of soil analysis, corresponding to 6 t ha -1 of cattle manure, isolated, or associated with 135 kg ha -1 of P, is sufficient to supply the nutritional demand for N and P in the first cultivation cycle. Phosphate fertilization associated with organic fertilization significantly influenced plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf area, number of seeds per plant and total mass of seeds of jatropha plants.Keywords: Jatropha curcas L.; fertilization recommendation; cattle manure Abbreviations: S_Sum of bases; T_Cation exchange capacity; V_Saturation of bases; OM_Organic matter; DAT_Days after transplant ; LA_Leaf area , Σ_sum of leaf area; L_Midrib lenght; W_leaf width; PH_ Plant height , NLB_Number of leaves per plant, NBP_Number of branches per plant , SD_Stem diameter; LA_Leaf area (%); ns_Not significant; DF_Degree of freedom; C.V_Coefficient of variation; NIP_Number of inflorescences per plant; NFP_Number of fruits per plant; NBP_Number of bunches per plant; NFB_Number of fruits per bunch; MMF_Mean mass of fruits; NSF_Number of seeds per fruit: NSP_Number of seeds per plant; MSP_Mass of seeds per plant.
ECONOMIC DEPTH OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON SUGARCANE SAMUEL SILVA1; JOSÉ DANTAS NETO2; IÊDO TEODORO3; SILVANETE SEVERINO DA SILVA1; RONALDO DO NASCIMENTO2 E GERALDO VERÍSSIMO DE SOUZA BARBOSA4 1Agronomy Engineer, Doctoral in Agricultural Engineering, Center for Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande PB Brazil, E-mails: {sam_capela, silvanete.h} @hotmail.com2Agronomy Engineer, Titular Professor, Center for Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande PB Brazil, E-mails: {zedantas1955, ronaldon453} @gmail.com3Agronomy Engineer, Adjunct Professor, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo AL Brazil, E-mail: iedoteodoro@ig.com.br4Agronomy Engineer, Coordinator of PMGCA/RIDESA/UFAL, Adjunct Professor, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo AL Brazil, E-mail: gvsbarbosa@gmail.com 1 ABSTRACT To optimize the use of irrigation along of the ratoons, was conducted a study was in Center of Agricultural Sciences of Federal University of Alagoas with seven irrigation depths (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of reference evapotranspiration-ET0), in three cycles of production between January 2009 and February 2012. The adjustment of curve responses of the agricultural and agro-industrial yield of crop to irrigation depths has been performed. The irrigated sugarcane with 150% of ET0 in the first, second and third production cycles has produced an average of 48.0 Mg ha-1 more than the sugarcane cultivated without irrigation. For an average value of 0.55 R$ kg-1 of commercially recoverable sucrose content (CRS), the depth of maximum economic efficiency was 666 (85% of ET0), 290 (65% of ET0) and 397 mm (70% of ET0) with net revenue of US$ 3,272.07, US$ 2,456.90 and US$ 1,474.51 ha-1 in plant cane, 1st and 2nd ratoon, respectively. The final agro-industrial yield per acreage unit is more dependent of the stems yield and not of the amount of CRS per ton of cane. However, the economic irrigation depth in the range 0 to 150% of ET0 is directly proportional to the increase in the price of CRS. Keywords: stems yield, CRS, cost of water for irrigation SILVA, S.; DANTAS NETO, J.; TEODORO, I.; SILVA, S. S.; NASCIMENTO, R.; BARBOSA, G. V. S.LÂMINA ECONÔMICA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTONA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR 2 RESUMO Para otimizar o uso da irrigação ao longo das socarias de cana-de-açúcar, foi conduzido um experimento no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas com sete lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração de referência-ET0), em três ciclos de produção durante janeiro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2012. As curvas de respostas da produtividade agrícola e industrial da cultura foram ajustadas às lâminas de irrigação. A cana-de-açúcar irrigada com 150% da ET0 no 1º, 2º e 3º ciclos de cultivo, produziu em média 48,0 t ha-1 a mais do que a cana cultivada sem irrigação. Para o valor médio de R$ 0,55 kg-1 de açúcares totais recuperáveis (ATR), a lâmina de máxima eficiência econômica foi 666 (85% da ET0), 290 (65% da ET0) e 397 mm (70% da ET0), com receita líquida de US$ 3.272,07, US$ 2.456,90 e US$ 1.474,51 ha-1 em cana-planta, 1ª e 2ª soca, respectivamente. O rendimento agroindustrial final por unidade de área cultivada é mais dependente da produtividade de colmos e não da quantidade de ATR por tonelada de cana. No entanto, a lâmina econômica de irrigação no intervalo de 0 a 150% da ET0 é diretamente proporcional ao aumento do preço do ATR. Palavras-chave: produtividade de colmos, ATR, custo da água para irrigação.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o uso das águas residuárias no crescimento de espécies arbóreas da caatinga na recuperação de área degradada. O ensaio foi conduzido em condições de campo, em área de degradação agrícola e biológica, na sede do Instituto Nacional do Semiárido, em Campina Grande-PB. Foram testados três tratamentos, com dez repetições cada, seguindo um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, os quais foram distribuídos com: 0,5 litro de água de abastecimento; 1,0 litro de água de efluente doméstico tratado; e 0,5 litro de água de efluente doméstico tratado; todos por planta e para cada irrigação efetuada semanalmente, sendo associadas ao crescimento de espécies nativas da caatinga. Para análise do efeito dos tratamentos foram mensurados aos 216; 312; 346; 421; 514; 594; 724 e 871 dias após o transplantio e, posteriormente determinou-se a taxa de crescimento relativo para a altura de planta nas espécies Aroeira e Sabiá. Os resultados evidenciaram o favorecimento da água residuária sob o crescimento das espécies avaliadas. A irrigação com água residuária favorece a permanência das espécies em área degradada.
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This work evaluates the anthropometric model of agricultural tractor operators, presenting a diagnosis of the control instruments' position and the nutritional state of the operators. One hundred and twentyseven agricultural tractors operators were interviewed, of which 23 were selected for the anthropometric evaluation. A rural company, a farm, a farmers' meeting and a tractor dealership were selected for the data collection. Twenty-three anthropometric measurements of each operator were collected and arranged in a table with the dimensions of all operators, presenting statistical results in a 90% confidence interval. Two types of tractors of medium mass and similar power, representing the largest portion of the market, were used. The positioning of the tractors' controls and their interactions with the operators' area of reach, as well as their accessibility in the command position, were evaluated. The nutritional state of the tractor operators was studied, as well as the relationship of their body mass index with their age. The results show that there was no difference between the general operator types in South Brazil in regard to the measures of their height when standing erect. Seven of the operators who presented BMIs with characteristics of obesity within the normal range were less than 38 years old, and those with characteristics of pre-obesity and obesity were more than 38 years old.
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