SUMMARY The present quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO) and external oblique (EO) thickness in healthy subjects with the proprioceptive Stabilizer™ training in abdominal wall muscles. A sample of 41 healthy participants (age: 31.9 ± 4.5 y; height: 1.7 ± 0.1 m; weight: 68.3 ± 13.1 kg; body mass index, BMI: 22.9 ± 2.7 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in this study. Ultrasound images of the EO, IO, TrA, rectus anterior (RA) and interrecti distance (IRD) were measured and analyzed by the ImageJ software. Measurements were made at rest and during the abdominal drawing-maneuver (ADIM) developed by the patients with the Stabilizer™ located in the low back holding 40 mmHg for 10 seconds with a visual stimulus provided by a circular pressure marker. Ultrasound measurements for the abdominal wall muscles showed statistically significant differences (Π < .05) for a thickness decrease of the EO, IO and a thickness increase of TrA. A proprioceptive Stabilizer™ training produced a thickness increase in TrA muscle and a thickness decrease in EO and IO muscles in healthy subjects. These findings suggest that a proprioceptive Stabilizer™ training could be useful in individuals with low back pain and lumbopelvic pain.

The aim of this work is to study the knowledge that 11 to 12-year-old pupils have about the different meanings of fractions. For this purpose, an investigation about the ability that 11 to 12-year-old pupils have with fraction problems through problem posing is performed. In particular, we analyze if they pose different types of problems depending on the provided help and if they are able to solve the problems they pose. To do so, after making a classification about types of fractions problems, an instrument is designed to see if students are able to invent and solve problems with different conditions (no reference at all, reference to an image, reference to a graphic representation, and reference to an operation). The analysis of results shows that most of the students properly solve what they invent, and points out that they tend to pose part-whole and part-set problems, even when the given reference suggests another type of problem.

Objectives: Low Back and pelvic pain is a major problem and a common cause of disability and health care utilization. To evaluate diathermy efficacy for low back and pelvic pain treatment. Methods: Reports of 20 multifidus in subjects with a previous low back and pelvic pain diagnosis. A randomized trial blinded with two randomized groups, group A diathermy, group B sham diathermy to check efficacy of diathermy. Results: Diathermy group don´t show significate differences versus sham group due to be apply as an isolated technique but this technique rarely is reported in this way and is frequently associated to perturbational training or a kinesiotherapy program during his activation. A better correlation was achieved by diathermy in Tensomiography values. Conslusions: Further studies are necessary to improve knowledge about physical effects of diathermy due to this technique is frequently associated with a kinesiotherapy program to get better results in patients with prevalent illness as lumbar and pelvic pain referred to lower limb.Key Words: Low back pain, pelvic pain, diathermy ResumenObjetivos: El dolor lumbar y pelvico son problemas de salud prevalentes y la mayor causa de discapacidad y de gasto sanitario. Evaluar la efectividad de la diatermia para el dolor lumbopelvico. Metodo: Se seleccionan 20 multifidus en sujetos con dolor lumbopelvico previo. Se desarrolla un estudio ciego con dos grupos aleatorizados, grupo A diatermia, grupo B diatermia placebo para comprobar la eficacia. Resultados: El grupo tratado con diatermia no mostro diferencias significativas con el grupo placebo de manera aislada. Esta técnica rara vez se usa de manera aislada y se asocia frecuentemente a técnicas de propiocepcion o a fisioterapia. El grupo de diatermia mostro mejores valores en las correlaciones tensomiograficas. Conclusiones: Se necesitan más estudios para incrementar el conocimiento de los efectos físicos de la diatermia en poblaciones con enfermedades prevalente como la lumbalgia Palabras Clave: Dolor lumbar, Dolor pélvico, diatermia.

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La sentencia del TJUE Nobel Plastiques establece que los trabajadores especialmente sensibles no tienen que ser considerados automáticamente personas con discapacidad en el sentido de la Directiva 2000/78, sino que, para que exista discapacidad, el juez nacional tendrá que comprobar si la dolencia que dio lugar a dicha calificación cumple con los requisitos exigidos por el TJUE desde la sentencia HK Danmark. Por otro lado, el Alto Tribunal afirma que los criterios de selección que la empresa Nobel Plastiques utilizó para determinar las personas que iban a ser despedidas en el marco de un despido objetivo (productividad, absentismo, polivalencia funcional y adscripción a unas determinadas funciones) no constituyen una discriminación directa, pero que corresponde al juez nacional analizar si pueden ser constitutivos de discriminación indirecta. Según el TJUE, solo existirá discriminación indirecta si la empresa no había puesto en práctica ajustes razonables. 157 Title: Sensitive risk groups of workers, disability discrimination and dismissal for objective reasons Palabras clave: discapacidad, trabajadores especialmente sensibles, discriminación indirecta, ajustes razonables