PurposeTo determine working distance, pupil diameter and illumination in real life conditions in a sample of presbyopic participants performing habitual tasks.MethodsA total of 59 presbyopic subjects (aged between 45 and 63 years) with different occupational backgrounds participated in the study. Participants were first interviewed regarding their habitual tasks with the aid of an ad hoc questionnaire, following which in-office photopic and mesopic pupil diameter was determined. Pupil diameter was also evaluated while participants conducted each of the self-reported habitual tasks by taking a photograph, which was later submitted to image analysis. In addition, working distance was determined with a measuring tape and the illumination that reached the pupil during each of the different tasks was measured, in lux, with a light meter.ResultsThe four most common habitual tasks were computer use, reading, sewing and sports. A high intersubject variability was found in pupil diameter, working distance and illumination conditions while conducting the same task. Statistically significant differences were found between the in-office measured photopic and mesopic pupil diameters and those obtained while participants were conducting their habitual tasks in real life conditions (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsPotential multifocal contact lens users may present with different ages, different jobs or hobbies and different preferences regarding lighting conditions and working distances. This results in different pupil size, even within the same task. This information may be critical when selecting a particular lens design and add power. Eye care practitioners are therefore advised to assess pupil diameter in real life conditions.

Within the framework of a project comprising part of the Spanish Space Program related to the JASON-1 CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales)/NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) mission, a campaign was conducted on June 9-17, 2003, in the Absolute Calibration Site of the island of Ibiza. The objective was to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending (187) and descending (248) Jason-1 ground tracks, in order to allow a better extrapolation of the open-ocean altimetric data with on-shore tide gauge locations, and thereby improve the overall precision of the calibration process. For this we have used a catamaran with two GPS antennas onboard, following the Corsica/Senetosa design (Bonnefond et al., 2003a). Five GPS reference stations were deployed in order to reduce the distance between the areas covered by the catamaran and the fixed GPS receiver used in the kinematic process. The geodetic activities (e.g., GPS, leveling) have enabled to build a very accurate (few mm) network in a reference frame compatible with the satellite altimetry missions (ITRF2000). The GPS kinematic data were processed using two different softwares allowing to check the consistency of the solutions. If the standard deviation of the differences (3.3 cm) is close to the kinematic process precision they exhibits some large values (up to 14 cm). These large discrepancies have been reduced using a weighting based on the crossover differences. Inasmuch the distances between the tide gauges and the areas covered by the GPS catamaran we have used the MOG2D ocean model (Carrère and Lyard, 2003) to correct the sea surface from tides: in the farest areas it shows an improvement by a factor of two on the crossover differences. Finally, we also present preliminary results on Jason-1 altimeter calibration using the derived marine geoid: from this analysis the altimeter bias is estimated to be 120 ±5 mm. The quality of this first result validate the whole GPS-based marine geoid processing, for which the accuracy is estimated to be better than 3 cm rms at crossovers.

The automated accommodative facility test does not agree with the manual flipper test results. Operator delays in flipping the lens may account for these differences. This novel test, using unpredictable stimuli, provides a more comprehensive examination of accommodative dynamics than conventional manual accommodative facility tests. Unexpectedly, the unpredictability of the stimulus did not to affect accommodation dynamics. Further studies are needed to evaluate the sensitivity of this novel hybrid technique on individuals with accommodative anomalies.

To compare the visual disturbances experienced by patients receiving 1 of 3 extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) or a monofocal IOL as the control.

A case of a 44-year-old man undergoing cataract surgery because of ocular trauma in his right eye in which a nondiffractive continuous extended range-of-vision intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted is described. Uneventful bilateral myopic laser in situ keratomileusis correction had been performed 13 years before (oblate corneal profile). At 3 months postoperatively, uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities were 0.10, 0.10, and 0.20 logMAR, respectively. An improvement was also observed in most of the subscales of the Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25, with the largest improvement in the subscales driving, distance activities, and general vision. Light distortion indices of 10.19% and 3.82% were found in the right and left eyes, respectively. This case shows that the unilateral implantation of this type of IOL can be a good solution in eyes with previous myopic corneal laser refractive surgery when monocular cataract surgery is needed, allowing a successful binocular visual restoration.