r e v p o r t e s t o m a t o l m e d d e n t c i r m a x i l o f a c . 2 0 1 5;5 6(1):18-24 a b s t r a c t Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different finishing and polishing techniques, including a novel polishing method (silicon carbide brush), on the surface roughness and morphology of nanofilled (Filtek Z350XT) and microhybrid (Filtek Z250) composite resins.Methods: Thirty-five specimens of each resin were fabricated and assigned randomly to receive the following finishing/polishing treatments (n = 5 per group): none (control), Sof-Lex Pop-On discs (POP), Praxis discs (PRA), POP + felt discs with diamond paste, POP + silicon carbide brush, PRA + felt discs with diamond paste, and PRA + silicon carbide brush. Average roughness (Ra) in m was evaluated using a 3D profilometer. Scanning electron microscopic images were also obtained and descriptively analyzed. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.05) were used to evaluate the effects of resin type, finishing/polishing system, and interactions between these two variables on Ra values.Results: For the microhybrid resin, greater surface smoothness was obtained using POP or PRA + silicon carbide brush. For the nanofilled resin, the smoothest surface was obtained with POP + felt discs with diamond paste or silicon carbide brush. Conclusion: The surface roughness of a composite resin depends on its composition and finishing and polishing technique used. article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).r e v p o r t e s t o m a t o l m e d d e n t c i r m a x i l o f a c . 2 0 1 5;5 6(1):18-24