Peso ao nascer e fatores associados ao período pré-natal: um estudo transversal em hospital maternidade de referência Birth weight and factors associated with the prenatal period: a cross-sectional study in a maternity hospital of reference

OBJECTIVE: Identify the perception operating agents have on the Brazilian National School Feeding Program METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional and quali-quantitative study developed in non-probability and convenience sampling selected in an event promoted by the National Fund for Educational Development in 2015 in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through questions related to pre-defined categories concerning the National School Feeding Program. The questionnaire was answered by 43 nutritionists, 41 members of the School Feeding Board, and 16 school feeding administrators from 38 cities of Rio de Janeiro. The narrative analysis was based on benchmarks of cognitive analysis of public policies. The association among variables was investigated with chi-square test, being calculated the power for association testing. RESULTS: The perception of the implementation of the National School Feeding Program has been characterized by some challenges: 1) low number of nutritionists to meet the demand from schools; 2) low adhesion to the public call for the purchase of family farming products due to bureaucratic difficulties and insufficient local food production; 3) reduced coverage of food and nutritional measures due to the restriction of human, material and financial resources; and 4) limitation of the participation of the School Feeding Board due to insufficient training and transport for regular visits. The adequacy of the number of nutritionists showed statistically significant association with the purchase of family farming products (p = 0.002; power = 99%) and with the food and nutritional education activities (p = 0.021; power = 79%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the need for employment of nutritionist in sufficient numbers to meet the demands of the National School Feeding Program, investment in educational activities of healthy eating in schools, training of the School Feeding Board, greater availability of vehicles for school visits and assistance to family farmers in order to facilitate their participation in programs of institutional purchases and encourage the diversification of production.

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Objetivos: Estimar a associação entre o baixo peso ao nascer (BPN) e os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e assistência pré-natal de puérperas atendidas em uma maternidade de referência de Macaé. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo seccional, descritivo, de bases primária e secundária na maternidade de um hospital público do município, entre agosto e dezembro de 2014. Realizou-se uma análise múltipla de correspondências para descrição e elaboração de perfil multivariado entre as variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e assistência pré-natal com o BPN. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 105 puérperas, com idade média de 25,5 anos e observou-se 8,6% de BPN. O perfil multivariado sinalizou que recém-nascidos com BPN tendem a ser aqueles cuja mãe apresentou baixo peso pré-gestacional, renda inferior a um salário mínimo, realizou menos de 6 consultas de pré-natal e idade gestacional a termo. Conclusão: O BPN foi associado ao baixo peso pré-gestacional materno, baixa renda familiar (inferior a 1 salário mínimo) e o número de consultas pré-natal (<6).

A B S T R A C TThe present study systematized the experience gained with the project Construindo capacidades em segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil, Canadá e Angola (2004, Building food and nutrition security skills in Brazil, Canada, and Angola), whose objective was to qualify actions that promote food and nutrition security in the three countries using different educational practices. The activities were organized in the following subprojects: (a) online distance learning courses; (b) workshops to train managers, government technicians, representatives of civil society organizations, and social subjects who offered to act as a link between communities; and (c) local pilot projects. The present study reports this experience. The educational practices implemented in the municipalities of Araçuaí (MG), Juazeiro (BA), and Fortaleza (CE) were analyzed based on systematized information in the project reports and activity records (texts and photographs). The analytical reference was based on the concept of food and nutrition education, guided by the fundamentals of Popular Education and Paulo Freire;Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 29(6):929-946, nov./dez., 2016 Revista de Nutrição http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/1678-98652016000600015 on the concept of food and nutrition security; and on the following analytical dimensions: participation, contextualization of educational practices, and intersectoriality. The results evidenced how educational practices contributed to the construction of shared concepts of food and nutrition security from an intersectoral and participatory perspective that values the peculiarities of diet in different socioeconomic and cultural contexts, and highlights daily situations and local traditions. They also expose the limits and potentialities of an experience of this magnitude, conducted from an interdisciplinarity perspective and using participatory methods. Keywords:Education. Food and nutrition education. Food and nutrition security. R E S U M OO presente estudo consiste em uma sistematização da experiência do projeto Construindo capacidades em segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil, Canadá e Angola (2004 I N T R O D U C T I O NFood and Nutrition Security (FNS) is present in the public agenda and guides the action of various national governments to a greater or smaller degree. Abroad, Brazil stands out because of the experience it gained constructing a broad, intersectoral, and participatory approach, and developing public policies organized into one nationwide FNS system (Sistema The operationalization of a FNS policy involves actions developed by different sectors of the government and society that pass through the spheres of production, commercialization, access, and use of food at the family and biological levels. This broader focus presupposes articulation and integration between the food dimension (production, commercialization, and consumption) and nutrition dimension (biopsychosocial processes of nutrition and their relationship with health) [3][4][5][6] of food and nutrition se...