No abstract

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las posibles diferencias a nivel de motivación, autoconfianza y ansiedad que puedan existir en función del sexo y el nivel competitivo de dos grupos de judokas (Grupo de alto rendimiento y Grupo de especialización). Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se administraron el Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) y el Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) 10 minutos antes de entrar los judocas al tatami, el día de la competición. Los resultados revelaron diferencias a nivel de ansiedad somática (intensidad), observándose esta más elevada en las mujeres que en los hombres. Se encontraron también diferencias significativas en la variable autoconfianza (intensidad),  mostrando los judokas del equipo nacional valores más elevados que los de especialización. No se encontraron diferencias en las variables motivación y autoconfianza en función del sexo, ni en las variables motivación y ansiedad en la comparativa entre ambos grupos.

The aim of the study was to analyse the relationships established between the different factors that make up coaches' controlling interpersonal style and frustration of basic psychological needs, as well as to identify the differences that may exist in terms of gender and training hours, and whether the latter may trigger these variables in adolescent judokas. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale (CCBS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2010), in its Spanish version (Castillo et al., 2014), was administered, as well as the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS) (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, Ryan & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2011), also in its Spanish version (Sicilia, Ferriz & Sáenz-Álvarez, 2013). The sample comprised 86 adolescent judokas, who had a federation licence and participated in regional competitions (M = 14.13; SD = 1.38). Descriptive and correlation analyses of all variables were performed. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were carried out, respectively, to analyse the differences in gender and training hours. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between all study variables. In addition, significant differences were found between genders in the control variable of use of rewards, and in the frustration variable of the basic psychological need of competence, depending on the judokas' training hours. These results suggest that controlling interpersonal styles influence the frustration of basic psychological needs of adolescent judokas, according to their gender or training hours.

Purpose This study aims to determine the effect of the distribution of practice on learning the forehand shot in tennis. Method Twenty-four beginner tennis players participated in the study (13 males and 11 female; 8.63 ± 0.92 years old). The players were separated after groups -massed practice ( N = 12) and distributed practice ( N = 12). Each group practiced the forehand shot for 12 sessions, 4 series per session and 10 trials/series (6 weeks). The accuracy and efficacy were measured through one post-test and one retest, carried out 2 weeks after the last learning session. Results Significant improvements in accuracy between the pre-test and post-test ( p=.004) and between pre-test and re-test ( p=.006) were found in the massed practice group. Significant improvements in accuracy between the pre-test and post-test ( p=.002) and between pre-test and re-test ( p=.001) were found in the distributed practice group. No significant differences were found between groups but there was a favourable trend toward better learning in both, with improved accuracy and efficacy. Conclusion The motor learning through the distribution of practice among children has been noted, with a significant improvement in the skill acquisition of the forehand shot in the two groups. The results are useful because they clear up the doubts about how to plan the teaching of this stroke in tennis, confirming the suitability of carrying out learning programs based on massed and distributed practice.